Chronic viral hepatitis and chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major public health problem worldwide over the past few decades because of the increasing prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and elderly individuals in most countries. Chronic viral hepatitis (due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV)) also poses significant morbidity and mortality globally. Both these viruses can cause CKD and these infections can occur as a consequence of CKD management. CKD patients acquiring HBV or HCV infection have higher morbidity and mortality rates, and the management of these infections among CKD patients with antiviral agents is associated with high rates of adverse effects. The optimal management of CKD associated with HBV and HCV is not well defined because of insufficient data from clinical trials. This review discusses the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics and management issues related to chronic viral hepatitis and CKD.

Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) induction is implicated in the antioxidative and antiviral activity of acetylsalicylic acid in HCV-expressing cells

“…hepatitis C virus; oxidative stress; antioxidants; pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate; glutathione peroxidase HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) is one of the most important causes of chronic liver disease in the world (10). Chronic liver disease is the main cause of cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer.…”

Seroprevalance of the Hepatitis B and C in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease without History of Renal Replacement Therapy

“…It is thought that chronic viral hepatitis infl uences around 500 million people throughout the world (17,18). Increase in the prevalence of CKD, and high rates of HBsAg and Anti-HCV seropositivity seen in hemodialysis patients have rendered these infections important in CKD population.…”

“…Increase in the prevalence of CKD, and high rates of HBsAg and Anti-HCV seropositivity seen in hemodialysis patients have rendered these infections important in CKD population. It is known that, in CKD, especially in patients receiving dialysis, and in renal transplant patients, HBV and HCV infections are independent causes of morbidity and mortality (17)(18)(19)(20)(21). The risk of the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma due to chronic HBV and HCV infections, the risk of transmission to the other patients and medical personnel in hemodialysis centers, and the necessity for close follow up in renal transplant patients during immunosuppressive treatment are the major problems associated with HBV and HCV infections.…”

Hepatitis B Virus Infection and the Kidney: Renal Abnormalities in HBV Patients, Antiviral Drugs Handling, and Specific Follow-Up

“…Epidemiological studies have shown that chronic carriage of HBV in adult individuals may lead to the development of nephrotic syndrome, the commonest histological type being membranous nephropathy [11,12]. In total, the different morphological forms of HBV-associated renal injuries may include membranous nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and polyarteritis nodosa [13].…”