Ciclesonide modulates in vitro allergen-driven activation of blood mononuclear cells and allergen-specific T-cell blasts

Fast beneficial systemic anti‐inflammatory effects of inhaled budesonide and formoterol on circulating lymphocytes in asthma

“…In childhood asthma, ICS reduced lymphocyte recruitment into the lung as well as the expression of mRNAs encoding for IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5 and granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) . Other studies supported an anti‐inflammatory action of ICS and LABA on circulating immune cell counts as well as on serum levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines . There is concern that a monotherapy with LABA increases exacerbation and results in poor outcome.…”

“…There is concern that a monotherapy with LABA increases exacerbation and results in poor outcome. Therefore, their use in asthma therapy is only indicated when combine with ICS, contradicting data on the protective effect of inhaled LABA in asthma therapy …”