Ciclosporin and the cat: Current understanding and review of clinical use

Colombo, Silvia; Sartori, R.

doi:10.1177/1098612x17748718

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…3,17 Based on our personal experience, we elected to decrease the dose more slowly (from once daily to 2 days out of 3 and then to every other day) than usually recommended. 14 Finally, to the best of our knowledge, the histological features of control biopsies from cats suffering from non-thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis treated with CsA have not been reported before.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…This supports the idea of this disease being cell mediated and not driven by humoral immunity, which is less affected by CsA treatment and would take longer to improve. 14 CsA is used to treat idiopathic sebaceous adenitis in the dog, 15 because it increases the number of sebaceous glands per hair follicle and reduces perifollicular inflammation. 15,16 A good response was obtained when CsA was used in cats with signs similar to those described here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical and histological recovery of non-thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis in a cat treated with ciclosporin A

Combarros

Moulin²,

Correge³

et al. 2020

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summary A 6-year-old neutered female European Shorthair cat was referred for chronic, moderately pruritic, alopecic and exfoliative dermatosis that was unresponsive to antiparasitic, antibiotic or steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The cat presented with truncular alopecia and numerous whitish adherent scales covering the whole body. Differential diagnoses included sebaceous adenitis, dermatophytosis, demodicosis, exfoliative dermatitis associated or not with thymoma, drug reaction, feline immunodeficiency virus- or feline leukaemia virus-associated dermatoses, epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma, and Malassezia yeasts and/or bacterial overgrowth. Blood tests were within normal limits and the retrovirus tests were negative. Skin scrapings, fungal culture, coat brushing and skin cytology were negative for parasitic or microbial elements. Radiographs showed no signs of a thymic mass. Histological examination of skin biopsies revealed marked orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, lymphocytic (CD3+) interface dermatitis and mural folliculitis with absence of sebaceous glands and occasional apoptotic cells in different epidermal layers. Clinical and histological findings were consistent with non-thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis syndrome. Ciclosporin A (7 mg/kg) was administered once daily. A dramatic improvement was observed after 3 weeks. Ciclosporin A intake was then progressively spaced out as the clinical signs diminished. Skin biopsies revealed resolution of hyperkeratosis, disappearance of the inflammatory infiltrate and recovery of the sebaceous glands. Relevance and novel information T-cell infiltration with signs of epidermal cytotoxicity, in the absence of infectious agents or neoplastic process, suggests an immune-mediated process, and ciclosporin A, a calcineurin inhibitor, would be the drug of choice. This is the first report showing resolution of both the clinical and histological signs of non-thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and histological recovery of non-thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis in a cat treated with ciclosporin A

Combarros

Moulin²,

Correge³

et al. 2020

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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“…6 Glucocorticoids also can be used for medical management of feline FASS, in addition to antihistamines and/or ciclosporin. 1 Current therapies are not always effective and can lead to adverse effects when administered long-term, 7,8 so alternative therapies are desirable. Targeting soluble mediators of allergic disease is one potential area for therapeutic development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine expression in feline allergic dermatitis and feline asthma

Older

Diesel

Heseltine

et al. 2021

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background The pathogenesis of feline allergic dermatitis (FAD) is unclear, with several differences from allergic dermatitis in dogs and humans. Hypothesis/objectives To survey cytokine expression levels in healthy cats and cats affected with allergic dermatitis or asthma. Animals Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded skin biopsies from 22 cats with allergic dermatitis and 21 cats without allergic dermatitis were used for cutaneous assays. Serum was obtained from 17 healthy cats, 18 cats with allergic dermatitis, and 18 cats with a presumptive diagnosis of asthma. Methods and materials Cutaneous mRNA expression was evaluated with quantitative PCR [interleukin (IL)‐31 and IL‐31 Receptor A] and RNA in situ hybridisation (ISH) [IL‐5, IL‐31, IL‐31RA, IL‐33 and Oncostatin M receptor (OSMR)‐β]. IL‐31 protein concentrations were evaluated in serum with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Serum levels of 19 additional cytokines were evaluated using a Luminex panel. Results IL‐31, IL‐31RA, IL‐5 and IL‐33 mRNA expression were either expressed in low quantities or undetectable in most samples. By contrast, OSMR‐β expression was significantly higher in the skin of allergic versus healthy cats (P < 0.0001). Although serum IL‐31 was detected in a larger number of cats with allergic dermatitis than healthy cats, and concentrations appeared to be higher in cats with allergies, this difference was not statistically significant. Cats affected by asthma also exhibited insignificantly higher concentrations of IL‐31 in the serum. Conclusions and clinical relevance Our results suggest that feline allergic diseases may exhibit different pathomechanisms from allergic diseases affecting other species. These findings are useful in guiding further therapeutic development toward targets that may have a role in the pathogenesis of feline allergic skin disease.

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“…Cyclosporine has an immunosuppressive effect based on cellular immune response and causes a reduction of antibody-dependent T lymphocytes 5 . In terms of side effects, this drug interferes with the endocrine system, causing changes in gonadal function and prolactin levels, decreasing fertility and fetal development [5][6][7] . The drug is also nephrotoxic and is associated with systemic arterial hypertension, neurotoxicity and sepsis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclosporine reduces the spleen dimensions in rabbits

2021

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To assess the influence of prolonged cyclosporine use on the macro-and microscopic morphology of the spleen. Methods: 16 adult rabbits were divided into two groups (n = 8): group 1 -a placebo group, which was followed-up over a period of nine months; group 2 -which had taken an oral dose of cyclosporine (10 mg•kg -1 •day -1 ) over nine months. At the end of this period, the splenic histoarchitecture of all animals was evaluated and the splenic corpuscles were measured. Results: The spleens of the first group presented normal characteristics and dimensions. The second group, however, had a reduction in all dimensions and its tissue texture had become soft. The white pulp and the perivascular sheath had become reduced in size and the number of lymphoid follicles had also fallen (p = 0.002), manifesting less splenic corpuscles (p = 0.0012) and lymphocyte nuclear pigments (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Prolonged use of cyclosporine reduces the spleen size, transforming it into a soft organ associated with a decrease in white pulp, perivascular sheath, lymphoid follicles and nuclear pigments in rabbits.

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Ciclosporin and the cat: Current understanding and review of clinical use

Cited by 18 publications

References 85 publications

Clinical and histological recovery of non-thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis in a cat treated with ciclosporin A

Clinical and histological recovery of non-thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis in a cat treated with ciclosporin A

Cytokine expression in feline allergic dermatitis and feline asthma

Cyclosporine reduces the spleen dimensions in rabbits

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