Cigarette smoking in Austria – a call for action

Celermajer, David S.; Nasir-Ahmad, Subha

doi:10.1007/s00508-017-1254-3

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Cigarette smoking is widely prevalent among young adults (<25 years) in Europe (approximately 20%), and locally, the Austrian smoking statistics for young adults (approximately 25%) is extremely worrisome [1,2]. A World Health Organization (WHO) study has shown that Austria has one of the highest rates in Europe of 15-year-olds who smoke at least once a week [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Dynamics in the Prefrontal Cortex during a Working Memory Task in Young Adult Smokers

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Cigarette smoking is known to modulate brain metabolism and brain function. How the dynamics of these metabolic alterations influence the active performance of higher order cognitive tasks in smokers, compared to non-smokers, is still unclear. The present exploratory study sought to examine the impact of smoking on the “complete” metabolic profile while the participants performed a working memory (N-back) task. Methods: The study sample consisted of 40 young male healthy participants (smokers [n = 20] and non-smokers [n = 20]). Functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy data were acquired using a 3 T whole-body MR system. Data analysis was performed using Java-based Magnetic Resonance User Interface software, and metabolite ratios with respect to creatine (Cr) were calculated. Results: On a behavioural level, smokers showed worse performance (measured by d’) than non-smokers. However, we observed significant differences in the metabolite concentrations in smokers compared to non-smokers, which also changed over the course of the N-back task. A significant effect of the group was observed with smokers showing lower glutamate/Cr (Glx/Cr) and choline/Cr (Cho/Cr) ratios than non-smokers. Further, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA/Cr) and Cho/Cr ratios were significantly different during the rest and the task conditions. In addition, our results demonstrated the metabolite interactions (NAA and Cho, Glx and myo-inositol [mI], and Cho and mI). Conclusion: Further studies are necessary to shed more light on the association between smoking behaviours and metabolic alterations. However, our preliminary findings would assist in this future research to have a complete understanding of the metabolite interactions not only in smoking but also in addiction research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Dynamics in the Prefrontal Cortex during a Working Memory Task in Young Adult Smokers

et al. 2021

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“…Compared with other European countries, Austrian smokers are most attracted by sensual pleasures of cigarette products (e.g., packaging, taste), and most reluctant to stop smoking unless advice is given by health professionals or a smoking ban is stipulated (TNS Opinion & Social, 2012). While tobacco use has contributed to disease burden for Austria (Celermajer & Nasir-Ahmad, 2017), there is little research on smoking among Austrians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting smoking behavior: intention and future self-continuity among Austrians

Zhao

Dichtl

Foran

2020

Psychology, Health & Medicine

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Smoking is a major public health problem in Austria, but relevant research and intervention is limited. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the present study aimed to test the model utility in an Austrian sample. As future self-continuity is likely to impact on health behavior, we also hypothesized an extended TPB with future self-continuity could further explain the variance in smoking. Using a prospective design, 94 current smokers (74.5% women; M age = 24.27 years; 61.7% daily smokers) from a university in South Austria completed the baseline and follow-up survey (one month after the baseline). Consistent with the TPB, intention and perceived behavioral control (PBC) significantly predicted smoking behavior; affective attitude and PBC were significantly associated with smoking intention. In contrast, cognitive attitude and subjective norm were unrelated to smoking intention. As hypothesized, the TPB explained 42% variance of smoking behavior and 31% variance of smoking intention. Participants' future self-continuity further explained the variance of smoking behavior. Our study demonstrates the utility of the TPB in understanding Austrian smoking behavior. The role of psychological perception of future self among smokers has been highlighted. Future smoking intervention may target PBC, affective attitude, as well as a lifespan perspective.

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“…After heavy and controversial debates for years and international calls for action, 6 the Austrian government finally banned smoking in bars, cafes, and restaurants effective November 1, 2019. Smoking has been forbidden in hospitals for years, except in certain designated areas.…”

Section: Tobacco Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%