Circular RNA: An emerging frontier in RNA therapeutic targets, RNA therapeutics, and mRNA vaccines

Liu, Xiang; Zhang, Yu; Zhou, Shurong; Dain, Lauren; Mei, Lei; Zhu, Guizhi

doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.043

Cited by 140 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Since COVID-19 became a global pandemic disease, mRNA vaccines have made a big splash. Possessing both translatable and stable characteristics, circRNA holds great potential for the production of therapeutic peptides/proteins as peptide/protein replacement treatments and vaccines ( Liu et al, 2022b ). Current research on improving the in vitro synthesis method of circRNAs is in full swing since the first exogenous circRNAs was shown to translate protein in eukaryotic cells ( Wesselhoeft et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles and mechanisms of CircRNAs in ovarian cancer

Liu

Cao

Guo

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the female malignancies with nearly 45% 5-year survival rate. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a kind of single-stranded non-coding RNAs, are generated from the back-splicing of cellular housekeeping noncoding RNAs and precursor messenger RNAs. Recent studies revealed that circRNAs have different biological function, including sponging miRNAs, encoding micropeptides, regulating stability of cytoplasmic mRNAs, affecting transcription and splicing, via interacting with DNA, RNA and proteins. Due to their stability, circRNAs have the potential of acting as biomarkers and treatment targets. In this review, we briefly illustrate the biogenesis mechanism and biological function of circRNAs in OC, and make a perspective of circRNAs drug targeting immune responses and signaling pathways in OC. This article can provide a systematic view into the current situation and future of circRNAs in OC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles and mechanisms of CircRNAs in ovarian cancer

Liu

Cao

Guo

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…Circular RNA (circRNA) is a type of lncRNA. CircRNA has no 5′ or 3′ end, which endows it with resistance to exonuclease [ 125 ]. CircRNA RAB3B, a member of the RAS oncogene family, has been found to be downregulated in psoriasis [ 126 ].…”

Section: Mirnas As the Targets To Inhibit Skin Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Inflammatory microRNAs for Treating Inflammatory Skin Diseases

et al. 2022

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Skin inflammation occurs due to immune dysregulation because of internal disorders, infections, and allergic reactions. The inflammation of the skin is a major sign of chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD), and lupus erythematosus. Although there are many therapies for treating these cutaneous inflammation diseases, their recurrence rates are high due to incomplete resolution. MicroRNA (miRNA) plays a critical role in skin inflammation by regulating the expression of protein-coding genes at the posttranscriptional level during pathogenesis and homeostasis maintenance. Some miRNAs possess anti-inflammatory features, which are beneficial for mitigating the inflammatory response. miRNAs that are reduced in inflammatory skin diseases can be supplied transiently using miRNA mimics and agomir. miRNA-based therapies that can target multiple genes in a given pathway are potential candidates for the treatment of skin inflammation. This review article offers an overview of the function of miRNA in skin inflammation regulation, with a focus on psoriasis, AD, and cutaneous wounds. Some bioactive molecules can target and modulate miRNAs to achieve the objective of inflammation suppression. This review also reports the anti-inflammatory efficacy of these molecules through modulating miRNA expression. The main limitations of miRNA-based therapies are rapid biodegradation and poor skin and cell penetration. Consideration was given to improving these drawbacks using the approaches of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), nanocarriers, exosomes, and low-frequency ultrasound. A formulation design for successful miRNA delivery into skin and target cells is also described in this review. The possible use of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic modalities could open a novel opportunity for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammation-associated skin diseases.

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“…On the basis of inner elements, circRNAs can be categorized into three types: exon-intron circular RNAs (EI-circRNAs), exonic circular RNAs (e-circRNAs), and intronic circular RNAs (i-circRNAs). 27 One or more exons with flanking introns that have been retained during back-splicing form EI-circRNAs, while exons without flanking introns produce e-circRNAs. In addition, in the lariat model, i-circR-NAs can be synthetized in specific intron sequences by GU-rich domain close to the 5ʹ splicing site and a C-rich domain close to the breakpoint.…”

Section: Biogenesis and Regulation Of Circrnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…83 The utility of circRNAs as therapeutic agents may be due mostly to their function as miRNA sponges and their effects on proteins translation. 26,27 Viral miRNAs are involved in the development of viral infections via modulating cellular processes such as apoptosis. On the other hand, circRNAs could affect protein-coding mRNAs in virusinfected cells by taking advantage of the host's miRNA network.…”

Section: Circrnas As Therapeutic Agents In Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, synthetic circRNAs can be designed to express specific antigens with high immunogenicity to be presented by DCs. 27,108 Even though circRNAs have also been implicated in provoking autoimmune responses, the risk for undesired immune responses can be minimized in circRNA vaccine platforms through their precise design and synthesis. 111,112 So far, just a few endogenous circRNAs have been demonstrated to feature as a protein translation template.…”

Section: Circrnas As Vaccines In Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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