Circulating and Urinary Concentrations of Malondialdehyde in Aging Humans in Health and Disease: Review and Discussion

Abstract

(1) Background: Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a major and stable product of oxidative stress. MDA circulates in the blood and is excreted in the urine in its free and conjugated forms, notably with L-lysine and L-serine. MDA is the most frequently measured biomarker of oxidative stress, namely lipid peroxidation. Oxidative stress is generally assumed to be associated with disease and to increase with age. Here, we review and discuss the literature concerning circulating and excretory MDA as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation in aging subjects with regard to health and disease, such as kidney disease, erectile dysfunction, and COVID-19. (2) Methods: Scientific articles, notably those reporting on circulating (plasma, serum) and urinary MDA, which concern health and disease, and which appeared in PubMed were considered; they formed the basis for evaluating the potential increase in oxidative stress, particularly lipid peroxidation, as humans age. (3) Results and Conclusions: The results reported in the literature thus far are contradictory. The articles considered in the present study are not supportive of the general view that oxidative stress increases with aging. Many functions of several organs, including the filtration efficiency of the kidneys, are physiologically reduced in men and women as they age. This effect is likely to result in the apparent “accumulation” of biomarkers of oxidative stress, concomitantly with the “accumulation” of biomarkers of an organ’s function, such as creatinine. How free and conjugated MDA forms are transported in various organs (including the brain) and how they are excreted in the urine via the kidney is not known, and investigating these questions should be the objective of forthcoming studies. The age- and gender-related increase in circulating creatinine might be a useful factor to be taken into consideration when investigating oxidative stress and aging.

Anti-Aging in Caenorhabditis elegans of Polysaccharides from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua

“…As a product of the peroxidation of free radicals with lipids, MDA is a biomarker of oxidative stress. The level of MDA in the body can reflect the degree of imbalance of oxidative stress, so MDA is also one of the indicators of the degree of human aging [ 28 ]. In two polysaccharide treatment groups( Figure 10 ), SOD and CAT activities significantly increased compared with those of the control group ( p < 0.01).…”

Acute kidney injury after intracerebral hemorrhage: a mini review

“…CINC-1 serves as a neutrophil chemotactic agent, recruiting concentrated granulocytes to trigger an inflammatory cascade response in distant organs such as the kidney ( 18 ). MDA represents the primary stable product following oxidative stress and has been extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of kidney injury ( 19 ). Hence, these findings suggest the involvement of inflammation and oxidative stress in disrupting podocyte function, consequently contributing to AKI.…”