Circulating C-X-C Motif Ligand 13 as a Biomarker for Early Predicting Efficacy of Subcutaneous Immunotherapy in Children With Chronic Allergic Rhinitis

Abstract

BackgroundC-X-C motif ligand 13 (CXCL13) and B cell-activating factor (BAFF) are proven to be involved in inflammatory diseases, but their role in allergic rhinitis (AR) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of serum CXCL13 and BAFF in AR and their clinical values as objective biomarkers to predict the efficacy of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT).MethodsWe prospectively recruited 90 children with AR treated with SCIT and collected their serum specimens before SCIT. One-year follow-up was conducted for all patients, and they were categorized into effective and ineffective groups based on efficacy. The serum concentrations of CXCL13 and BAFF were detected and compared between the two groups. A validation cohort of 52 responders and 26 non-responders were further assessed for both cytokines and serum CXCL13 and BAFF levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsEighty children completed the follow-up schedule, and 56 children were categorized into the effective group and 24 children into the ineffective group. The serum levels of CXCL13 in the effective group were clearly higher than those in the ineffective group (P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves revealed the potential values of CXCL13 as a biomarker in predicting the response of SCIT. Further, in the validation cohort, ELISA results demonstrated that serum CXCL13 levels were increased in responders than non-responders (P < 0.05). ROC curves showed good accuracy of serum CXCL13 in predicting the efficacy of SCIT.ConclusionOur discovery–validation study demonstrated that circulating CXCL13 might serve as a novel biomarker to predict the outcome of SCIT in childhood AR. The findings indicated that CXCL13 was involved in the pathological mechanisms of AR and made help to the fundamental therapeutic mechanism of SCIT.

CRISPR-Cas9-based Strategies for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Therapy

“…To study the effect of insertion or deletions on the expression of TAL1, CRISPR-Cas9 was used in T-ALL cells. It was observed that methylation acetylation pattern in H3K27 changed in mutant cells [29]. This indicates that mutagenesis and epigenetic modulation cooperate to regulate TAL1 expression.…”

“…Cells expressing CART are then transferred into the patient. The use of CRISPR-Cas9 to produce CART cells will allow to treat efficiently different types of cancers and provide higher safety than conventional therapy [29]. Besides, CRISPR-Cas9 can be used to disrupt genes that code signaling molecules or T cell inhibitory receptors to enhance the CART cell's function.…”

Mechanisms and biomarkers of successful allergen-specific immunotherapy

“…Consistently, grass pollen SLIT induces Lol p 1-specific memory B cells with upregulated expression of surface IgG4, CD23, and CD29 [ 123 ]. The serum C-X-C motif ligand 13(CXCL13) but not B cell-activating factor after HDM-SCIT in pediatric AR have clinical values for biomarkers, being CXCL13 level higher in effective AIT group [ 124 ].…”

Reversing Free‐Electron Transfer of MoS2+x Cocatalyst for Optimizing Antibonding‐Orbital Occupancy Enables High Photocatalytic H2 Evolution

“…[4] Thus, for an ideal active site, its H adsorption and desorption behaviors must be neither too strong nor too weak according to the wellknown Sabatier principle. [5] Unfortunately, the active site-H ads bond strength in the currently developed cocatalysts, especially for non-noble metals, is usually too strong or too weak due to their unsuitable electron arrangement, which seriously limits the H 2 evolution activity. [6] Hence, optimization of active site-H ads bond energies to realize moderate atom-H adsorption and desorption is essential to maximize the H 2 evolution efficiency of cocatalysts.…”