Circulating microparticle concentrations across acute and chronic cardiovascular disease conditions

Abstract

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Extracellular Vesicles as Drivers of Immunoinflammation in Atherothrombosis

“…Clinical ASCVD development is associated with high release of EVs. Assessment of vascular status is crucial for atherosclerosis prevention and to this aim EVs can serve as potential biomarkers in the clinics [ 38 , 232 ]. Molecular footprints of EVs provide clues about their cellular origin under healthy and diseased states, configuring a precious biomedical tool for liquid biopsy, easily detectable in body fluids.…”

“…Changes in circulating EVs of different cellular origin have been widely reported for almost all cardiovascular risk factors [ 233 , 234 , 235 , 236 ] and pathologies [ 237 , 238 , 239 ] reflecting their pathophysiological severity. Beyond diagnostic use, EVs have been suggested for the prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) [ 230 , 231 , 232 , 233 , 234 , 235 , 236 , 237 , 238 , 239 , 240 , 241 , 242 , 243 ] and mortality [ 244 ]. Circulating procoagulant MVs were found at higher levels in patients with ACS than healthy subjects [ 238 , 239 , 240 , 245 , 246 , 247 , 248 , 249 , 250 , 251 , 252 , 253 , 254 , 255 ].…”

Biomarkers of endothelial activation and dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases

“…These findings indicate that endothelial activation participates in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease by using E-selectin molecule [18]. Recently Landers-Ramos et al [19] revealed that the number of CD62E + endothelial microparticles was higher in the coronary artery disease (265.6 ± 96.1 particles/µL) compared with the healthy subjects (167.6 ± 32.1 particles/µL), but this did not reach statistical significance. The reasons for this contradiction may be due to smaller sample sizes used in this study and a significant difference in the total number of medications taken between patients with coronary artery disease (9.4 ± 1.3) compared to healthy controls (4 ± 1.1) [19].…”

“…Recently Landers-Ramos et al [19] revealed that the number of CD62E + endothelial microparticles was higher in the coronary artery disease (265.6 ± 96.1 particles/µL) compared with the healthy subjects (167.6 ± 32.1 particles/µL), but this did not reach statistical significance. The reasons for this contradiction may be due to smaller sample sizes used in this study and a significant difference in the total number of medications taken between patients with coronary artery disease (9.4 ± 1.3) compared to healthy controls (4 ± 1.1) [19]. Moreover, endothelial microparticles were also found in peripheral vascular diseases (e.g., microscopic polyangiitis, polyarteritis nodosa, Takayasu arteritis etc.)…”

“…Elevated circulating levels of endothelial microparticles were found in patients with acute coronary syndrome, diabetes mellitus and severe hypertension, and thus endothelial microparticles could be used as a surrogate marker in patients with CVD [9]. There is growing consensus that endothelial microvesicles may serve as a novel biomarker foe CVD [1,10,[17][18][19]. Endothelial microvesicles, which are shredded from the activated endothelium through cell detachment and loss, are potentially used as endothelial activation biomarker for atherosclerosis [1].…”