Circulating prolactin concentrations in chickens infected withEimeria tenella

Abstract

50000 oocysts of Eimeria tenella were inoculated into three-week-old cockerels and the effect of the infection (coccidiosis) on circulating concentrations of glucose, prolactin, sodium, potassium and haematocrit was determined. At day 5 of infection haematocrit was reduced and glucose was increased. From day 7 onwards prolactin concentration was elevated in infected birds compared with control and pair-fed birds. Plasma electrolytes were unchanged. It appears likely that loss of water resulting in osmotic changes during infection is the major reason for the observed changes in prolactin concentration in infected cockerels.

Does prolactin mediate parental and life-history decisions in response to environmental conditions in birds? A review

“…As in mammals, circulating prolactin levels have classically been reported to increase in response to stress in early studies of birds Scanes and Harvey, 1981). For instance, prolactin levels increase in response to cold or immobilization stress in domestic birds (Harvey et al, 1977(Harvey et al, , 1978Opel and Proudman, 1986) and the stress of a high parasite load or an infection results in increased prolactin levels in domestic fowls (Chadwick et al, 1985;Davison et al, 1985). Interestingly, Opel and Proudman (1986) reported that prolactin levels respectively increase and decrease in non-breeding and incubating turkeys, suggesting that the prolactin stress response differs dramatically between nonbreeders and parents.…”

The Role of Chicken Prolactin, Growth Hormone and Their Receptors in the Immune System

“…Meanwhile, PRL levels alters in different chicken breeds (Mo et al, 2022 ). When chickens are infected with pathogens, such as Histomonas meleagridis (Chadwick et al, 1980 ), E. tenella (Chadwick et al, 1985 ), and ALV-J (Mo et al, 2021 ), the plasma PRL levels have changed compared with the uninfected chickens. These results indicate that PRL levels is not only affected by individual own growth cycle but also controlled by external factors.…”

“…In poultry, PRL and GH are related to growth, development, and reproduction (Nie et al, 2005 ; Qin et al, 2013 ; Wilkanowska et al, 2014 ). However, some studies have shown that after chicken infected with some pathogens, such as Eimeria tenella ( E. tenella ) (Chadwick et al, 1985 ; Davison et al, 1985 ), Histomonas meleagridis (Chadwick et al, 1980 ), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) (Nii et al, 2015 ), Newcastle disease virus (NDV) (Rehman et al, 2020 ), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) (He et al, 2018 ; Yu et al, 2019 ), Marek's disease virus (MDV) (Liu et al, 2001 ) and avian leukosis virus (ALV) (Carter and Smith, 1983 , 1984 ; Dai et al, 2019 ; Mo et al, 2021 , 2022 ), it is found that the hormone levels are changed, and they are involved in regulating the body immune response (Allen et al, 1997 ; Breuel et al, 2004 ; Hartwell et al, 2014 ; Yu et al, 2020 ; Hu et al, 2021 ). These evidences suggest that hormones are involved in the immune responses under specific conditions, which present an often-overlooked challenge to the conventional idea that hormone merely as endocrine hormone.…”

Sağlıklı ve Koksidiyozlu Etlik Piliçlerde Sülfakinoksalin’in Farmakokinetiği

“…tenella ile enfekte olmuş hayvanlarda kanamalara bağlı olarak bazı biyokimyasal ve hematolojik parametrelerde sağlıklı hayvanlara göre önemli değişiklikler olabileceği bildirilmiştir 8.12 . Deneysel olarak E. tenella ile enfekte edilen tavuklarda total protein ile alyuvar düzeylerinde 8 , hematokrit 5,8,35 ve hemoglobin düzeyinde 20 önemli bir azalma olduğu ve bunun nedeninin de laina propria'da gelişen ikinci nesil merontların damar duvarlarına yaptıkları mekanik hasar ve bağırsak epitel hücrelerinin yıkımına bağlı olarak oluşabileceği belirtilmiştir. Benzer şekilde bu çalışmada da total protein, albumin, alyuvar, hematokrit ve hemoglobin değerlerinde şiddetli kanamalara bağlı olarak önemli düşüşler tespit edilmiştir.…”