Circulating spexin levels are influenced by the glycemic status and correlated with pancreatic β-cell function in Chinese subjects

Dai, Jiarong; Ni, Yunzhi; Wu, Di; Jiang, Yaojing; Jin, Shuoshuo; Zhang, Shan; Yu, Xiang; Liu, Rui

doi:10.1007/s00592-022-02010-x

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Dai et al indicate that SPX can significantly influence insulin secretion from pancreatic cells, enhance tissue sensitivity to insulin, and even contribute to increased glucose uptake in the liver and muscles in an insulin-resistant model. The level of SPX decreases during diabetes, and its concentration is correlated with fasting blood glucose levels [39]. Interestingly, as our findings, similar to those of mice, reveal a noteworthy decrease in SPX immunoexpression within the GIT during fasting, this may suggest a dynamic response of these neuropeptides and their receptors to nutritional status, emphasizing the intricate interplay between feeding patterns and the molecular mechanisms involved in metabolic regulation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Immunoexpression of Spexin in Selected Segments of the Bovine (Bos taurus taurus) Gastrointestinal Tract

Dajnowska,

Osiak-Wicha,

Piech

et al. 2023

Animals

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In the expansive domain of neuropeptide investigation, spexin (SPX) has emerged as a captivating subject, exerting a significant impact on diverse physiological processes. Initially identified in mice, SPX’s distribution transcends various organs, suggesting its potential regulatory roles. Despite extensive research in smaller species, a notable gap exists in our comprehension of SPX in larger mammals, particularly ruminants. Our study meticulously explores the immunolocalization of SPX within the gastrointestinal organs of bovines, with a specific focus on the abomasum, jejunum, and colon. Tissue samples from Holstein–Friesian cattle underwent careful processing, and gene mRNA expression levels, particularly GALR2 and SPX, were assessed. Intriguingly, our findings revealed that GALR2 expression was highest in the jejunum, signifying a potentially critical role in this digestive segment. Immunohistochemistry further unveiled distinct patterns of SPX immunoreactivity in each examined region—abomasum, jejunum, and colon—highlighting nuanced, region-specific responses. Notably, the abomasum and jejunum predominantly exhibited positive immunoreactivity in the submucosal plexus, while the colon, in contrast, demonstrated a higher degree of immunoreactivity in myenteric plexus neurons. Our investigation, grounded in the hypothesis of ubiquitous SPX distribution in ruminants, delves deeper into the intricate role of SPX within the enteric nervous system. This study meticulously explores the spatial distribution of SPX within the myenteric and submucosal plexuses, integral components of the enteric nervous system. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of SPX’s potential roles in gastrointestinal regulation in bovines, providing a unique perspective on larger mammals and enriching our comprehension of this intriguing neuropeptide’s significance in various physiological processes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Immunoexpression of Spexin in Selected Segments of the Bovine (Bos taurus taurus) Gastrointestinal Tract

Dajnowska,

Osiak-Wicha,

Piech

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…We have shown that there is a close positive relationship between spexin level and HOMA2- β and Stumvoll first-phase insulin secretion and proposed that pancreatic β cells are one of the main origins of circulating spexin as previously discussed [ 21 ]. This study has shown that there is a positive relationship between C-peptide and serum spexin level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Serum was separated after centrifugation at 3000 g for 10 min and stored at −80°C. Serum spexin level was measured using an ELISA kit (Catalog # EH4349, Fine Biotech Co., Wuhan, Hubei, China) as previously described [ 21 ]. The intra- and interassay CV is < 8% and < 10%, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the compelling data in animal studies, to our knowledge, the association of serum spexin with DPN and sensory pain in diabetes has not been investigated. Clinical studies also document that type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have lower levels of serum spexin [ 20 , 21 ]. Thus, we hypothesize that insufficiency of spexin in diabetes might increase susceptibility to DPN and pain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum Spexin Level Is Negatively Associated With Peripheral Neuropathy and Sensory Pain in Type 2 Diabetes

Liu,

Wu,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Journal of Diabetes Research

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Background: Spexin is a novel peptide hormone and has shown antinociceptive effects in experimental mice. This study is aimed at evaluating the association of serum spexin level with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and related pain in a Chinese population.Methods: We enrolled 167 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) including 56 patients without DPN (non-DPN), 67 painless DPN, and 44 painful DPN. Serum spexin was measured using ELISA. Logistic regression models were performed to analyze the independent effects of spexin on prevalence of DPN and painful DPN. In streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, mechanical pain threshold was measured using electronic von Frey aesthesiometer. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and further stimulated with lipopolysaccharide without or with spexin. The gene expression was assayed by qPCR.Results: Compared with non-DPN, serum spexin level decreased in painless DPN and further decreased in painful DPN. The odds of DPN was associated with low spexin level in T2DM, which was similar by age, sex, BMI, and diabetes duration, but attenuated in smokers. The odds of having pain was associated with decreased spexin level in DPN, which was similar by age, sex, smoking status, and diabetes duration, but attenuated in normal weight. Furthermore, we observed that mechanical pain threshold increased in spexin-treated diabetic mice. We also found that lipopolysaccharide treatment increased the mRNA level of TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 in human PBMCs, while spexin treatment prevented this increase.Conclusions: These results suggested that spexin might serve as a protective factor for diabetes against neuropathology and pain-related pathogenesis.

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The role of spexin in energy metabolism

Sun

Yang

et al. 2023

Peptides

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Circulating spexin levels are influenced by the glycemic status and correlated with pancreatic β-cell function in Chinese subjects

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Immunoexpression of Spexin in Selected Segments of the Bovine (Bos taurus taurus) Gastrointestinal Tract

Immunoexpression of Spexin in Selected Segments of the Bovine (Bos taurus taurus) Gastrointestinal Tract

Serum Spexin Level Is Negatively Associated With Peripheral Neuropathy and Sensory Pain in Type 2 Diabetes

The role of spexin in energy metabolism

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