Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor in the normo- and/or microalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Relationship between serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level and parameters of endothelial injury and/or dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 with or without microalbuminuria was investigated. Eighty-four diabetic patients were divided in two subgroups (42 each): normoalbuminuric (NAU) and microalbuminuric (MAU). Forty-two blood donors were in control group. Serum VEGF and plasma von Willebrand factor, soluble thrombomodulin, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in all subjects. VEGF was significantly higher in NAU compared to controls. The difference between MAU and controls was not statistically significant, but there was a trend toward significance. Only TAFI correlated with VEGF in MAU. An observed significant increase of serum VEGF level already in NAU suggests that serum VEGF could be a sensitive predictor of endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.

Low-grade risk of hypercoagulable state in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2

“…Additionally, the type and severity of vascular complications did not correlate with the concentration of VEGF in these patients. Interesting results were reported by Kubisz et al (2010) who studied the relationship between the VEGF level and the parameters of endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study group consisted of 84 diabetic patients (42 normoalbuminuric and 42 microalbuminuric patients).…”

“…Diabetes is also the most significant cause of end-stage renal failure worldwide. Clinically, glomerular hyperfiltration and microalbuminuria develop and, as a consequence, cause overt proteinuria and a reduced number of functioning nephrons, leading to renal failure (Kubisz et al, 2010;Veron et al, 2010).…”

“…VEGF is crucial for maintaining the homeostasis of renal hemodynamics (Xu et al, 2012). However, VEGF overexpression in the glomerular podocytes is connected with an enhanced vascular permeability in glomerulus for macromolecules and an increased albuminuria and, consequently, proteinuria, leading to glomerular hypertrophy (Kubisz et al, 2010;Veron et al, 2010;Kota et al, 2012).…”

A preliminary evaluation of VEGF-A, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 in patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…VEGF stimulates the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of ECs. It is also an agent for endothelium-dependent vasodilation, increasing its permeability, and participates in cellular interstitial matrix remodeling (Kubisz et al, 2010). It is believed that this cytokine plays a key role in prenatal and postnatal angiogenesis, in both physiological (e.g., wound healing, pregnancy) and pathological states where excessive formation of blood vessels occurs, such as in tumors, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic retinopathy, or diabetic nephropathy (Araszkiewicz et al, 2004).…”

“…A review of the literature suggests that the expression of VEGF and its receptor 2 increases significantly during the course of pathological conditions such as diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy (Kubisz et al, 2010;Mahdy et al, 2010). However, there are no unambiguous data on the role of VEGF-A, VEGFR1, or VEGFR2 in the pathogenesis of wellcontrolled diabetes.…”