Citrinin, a phytotoxin?

Damodaran, C.; Kathirvel-Pandian, S.; Seeni, S.; Selvam, Ramasamy; Ganesan, M.; Shanmugasundaram, S.

doi:10.1007/bf01923219

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It was shown to be phytotoxic in several trials [62][63][64][65]. It was proved to have remarkable phytotoxic effects.…”

Section: Phytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was proved to have remarkable phytotoxic effects. Damodaran et al [63] found that CTN exhibits a wilting effect on bean plants (Dolichos lablab, Phaseolus vulgaris and Phaseolus mungo Co-1), two types of cotton (Gossypium arboreum K6 and 0320-1) and sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Co-20). Maćıas et al [65] evaluated CTN ability to inhibit seed germination and seedling growth of Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Echinochloa crusgalli.…”

Section: Phytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Damodaran et al [63] interpreted CTN phytotoxicity on the basis of its ability to bind with the cellular components present along the vascular system, and possibly also in the leaves also, and thereby affecting the osmotic balance and translocation. Another interpretation suggests that CTN may affect respiration of germinating seeds and seedlings.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycotoxins: Producing Fungi and Mechanisms of Phytotoxicity

2015

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Abstract:Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites, toxic to humans, animals and plants. Among the hundreds of known mycotoxins, aflatoxins, citrinin, patulin, penicillic acid, tenuazonic acid, ochratoxin A, cytochalasins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, fusarin C, fusaric acid, and zearalenone are considered the types that most contaminate cereal grain. The majority of the mycotoxins in these groups are produced by three fungal genera: Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. These metabolites primarily affect the seed quality, germination, viability, seedling vigour, growth of root and cleoptile. Additionally, since the fungi responsible for the production of these mycotoxins are often endophytes that infect and colonize living plant tissues, accumulation of mycotoxins in the plant tissues may at times be associated with development of plant disease symptoms. The presence of mycotoxins, even in the absence of disease symptoms, may still have subtle biological effects on the physiology of plants. Several studies highlight the toxic effects of mycotoxins on animals and cell lines but little is known about the mode of action of most of these metabolites on plant cells. The most important mycotoxins with phytotoxic effects and their producers in addition to their discovery are briefly outlined below and will be addressed in this article.

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“…It was shown to be phytotoxic in several trials [62][63][64][65]. It was proved to have remarkable phytotoxic effects.…”

Section: Phytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycotoxins: Producing Fungi and Mechanisms of Phytotoxicity

2015

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“…, 1943; Katzman et al. , 1944; Robinson & Park, 1966), have been reported as phytotoxic compounds (Wang, 1948; Nickell & Finlay, 1954; White & Truelove, 1972; Damodaran et al. , 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penicillium fungi from Picea glehnii seeds protect the seedlings from damping‐off

et al. 2001

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Summary• In a coinoculation test of seed-epiphytic Penicillium species and pathogenic Pythium vexans to Picea glehnii seedlings, the number of surviving seedlings which were inoculated with P. vexans 5 d after preinoculation with Penicillium damascenum PGS-O7 increased compared with those inoculated with P. vexans alone.• The phytotoxicity of antifungal compounds to P. glehnii seeds and seedlings was assessed in growth experiments. Production of these compounds was quantitatively analysed in the rhizosphere of the host seedlings using chromatography techniques.• Dense mycelial growth of P. damascenum was observed microscopically around the roots of the inoculated seedlings. Furthermore, the antifungal and phytotoxic compound citrinin produced by P. damascenum was detected as a component released around the roots of the normally growing fungus-inoculated seedlings.• We propose two possible mechanisms for the protection of P. glehnii seedlings by P. damascenum from P. vexans ; first, chemical protection by an antibiotic agent, citrinin produced by P. damascenum , and second, the occupation of the space around the P. glehnii roots by the P. damascenum mycelia.

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“…Hence, it can be concluded that citrinin may be also responsible for the inhibition of M. phaseolina. Though, citrinin is a reported mycotoxin, it is non-phytotoxic and not altering ATPase activity, respiration and photosynthetic rates when applied on sorghum leaves (Damodaran et al, 1975). The LD 50 of citrinin on various animal models was also very high when compared with the concentrations used for the control of disease Botrytis gray mold (Sreevidya et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penicillium citrinum VFI-51 as biocontrol agent to control charcoal rot of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

Sreevidya¹,

Gopalakrishnan²

2016

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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In our earlier investigation, a fungal isolate Penicillium citrinum VFI-51 and its secondary metabolite was reported to have antagonistic potential against Botrytis cinerea, the causative agent of Botrytis gray mold disease in chickpea. In the present investigation, P. citrinum VFI-51 was further evaluated for its antagonistic potential against Macrophomina phaseolina, the causative agent of charcoal rot in sorghum. P. citrinum VFI-51 inhibited M. phaseolina in both dual culture as well as secondary metabolite production assays. In the in vivo blotter paper assay, under light chamber conditions, P. citrinum VFI-51 controlled 85% of the charcoal rot disease on the roots when compared to the positive control. Under greenhouse conditions, when M. phaseolina was inoculated by tooth pick method in to the stalk of sorghum plant, the charcoal rot disease was controlled by 75% in P. citrinum VFI-51 treatment over the positive control. This study demonstrates the biocontrol potential of P. citrinum VFI-51 against charcoal rot of sorghum.

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Citrinin, a phytotoxin?

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Mycotoxins: Producing Fungi and Mechanisms of Phytotoxicity

Mycotoxins: Producing Fungi and Mechanisms of Phytotoxicity

Penicillium fungi from Picea glehnii seeds protect the seedlings from damping‐off

Penicillium citrinum VFI-51 as biocontrol agent to control charcoal rot of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

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