Citrus and Coffee Strains of Xylella fastidiosa Induce Pierce's Disease in Grapevine

Abstract

Xylella fastidiosa causes citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) disease in Brazil and Pierce's disease of grapevines in the United States. Both of these diseases cause significant production problems in the respective industries. The recent establishment of the glassy-winged sharpshooter in California has radically increased the threat posed by Pierce's disease to California viticulture. Populations of this insect reach very high levels in citrus groves in California and move from the orchards into the vineyards, where they acquire inoculum and spread Pierce's disease in the vineyards. Here we show that strains of X. fastidiosa isolated from diseased citrus and coffee in Brazil can incite symptoms of Pierce's disease after mechanical inoculation into seven commercial Vitis vinifera varieties grown in Brazil and California. Thus, any future introduction of the CVC strains of X. fastidiosa into the United States would pose a threat to both the sweet orange and grapevine industries. Previous work has clearly shown that the strains of X. fastidiosa isolated from Pierce's disease- and CVC-affected plants are the most distantly related of all strains in the diverse taxon X. fastidiosa. The ability of citrus strains of X. fastidiosa to incite disease in grapevine is therefore surprising and creates an experimental system with which to dissect mechanisms used by X. fastidiosa in plant colonization and disease development using the full genome sequence data that has recently become available for both the citrus and grapevine strains of this pathogen.

Análise faunística de cigarrinhas (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) na cultura da videira no Rio Grande do Sul

“…Nas diferentes áreas vitícolas do sul do Brasil, é comum o plantio de citros nas bordaduras dos parreirais e não menos frequente, os mesmos são cercados por pomares de ameixa, culturas geralmente infectadas pela bactéria X. fastidiosa. Eventualmente, essa prática pode resultar na infecção de videira com X. fastidiosa por meio de transmissão cruzada, na qual cigarrinhas vetoras adquirem a bactéria em outros hospedeiros, inoculando-a nas plantas de videira (Perring et al 2001, Li et al 2002, Bi et al 2007. Esse risco existe, pois as cigarrinhas B. xanthophis, P.…”

“…Os cartões adesivos foram triados em laboratório quantifi cando-se e identifi cando-se os espécimes capturados com emprego de chaves dicotômicas (Young 1968, 1977, Emmrich 1984, Marucci et al 1999, Azevedo Filho & Carvalho 2001a, b, 2002, 2006 e por comparação direta de exemplares. Espécimes de referência de cada espécie foram depositados na coleção entomológica da Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, RS (Azevedo Filho et al 2007).…”

“…No Brasil, há estirpes de X. fastidiosa causando a clorose variegada dos citros (CVC) (Lee et al 1993), escaldadura das folhas na ameixeira (Plum leaf scald, PLS) (French & Kitajima 1978) e atrofi a dos ramos do cafeeiro (Paradela Filho et al 1997, Lima et al 1998. Li et al (2002) observaram que um isolado de X. fastidiosa proveniente de planta cítrica com CVC foi capaz de colonizar e causar sintomas em plantas de videira, após inoculação mecânica em casa de vegetação. Porém, ainda não se sabe se o mesmo pode ocorrer em videira após a inoculação natural por vetores.…”

Host colonization differences between citrus and coffee isolates of Xylella fastidiosa in reciprocal inoculation

“…Yet, genetic studies have shown that X. fastidiosa isolates from citrus and coffee cluster separately from each other although they form a monophyletic group (Costa et al, 2000;Qin et al, 2001;Martinati et al, 2005). Interestingly, Li et al (2001) were able to infect coffee plants and observe CSA-like symptoms after inoculation with an isolate originally from citrus, suggesting the possibility of cross-infection by these strains. Li et al (2002) also showed that both CVC and CSA isolates can cause symptoms of Pierce's Disease in grapevine.…”

“…Interestingly, Li et al (2001) were able to infect coffee plants and observe CSA-like symptoms after inoculation with an isolate originally from citrus, suggesting the possibility of cross-infection by these strains. Li et al (2002) also showed that both CVC and CSA isolates can cause symptoms of Pierce's Disease in grapevine. In addition, Lopes et al (2003) demonstrated that CVC and CSA isolates had similar colonization patterns in various weed host plants.…”