City Scale Demand Side Management in Three Different-Sized District Heating Systems

Kontu, Kaisa; Vimpari, Jussi; Penttinen, Petri; Junnila, Seppo

doi:10.3390/en11123370

Cited by 27 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…There are also studies implicating that the value of the demand side management for DH companies remains low. Kontu et al claim in [46] that the value would be less than 2% in cost savings, having an effect mostly on medium loads without any significant decrease in annual peak heat loads. However, they stated that the findings also reflect the need for development of DH pricing models to make the demand side management more attractive to DH customers.…”

Section: Economic Feasibility Of the Studied Dr System From Stakeholdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demand Response in District Heating Market—Results of the Field Tests in Student Apartment Buildings

Ala-Kotila

Vainio

Heinonen³

2020

Smart Cities

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This article presents the field test of the developed demand response system installed in the central heating systems of existing apartment buildings. The buildings are occupied by students and located in Tampere, Finland, which is within the northern climate zone. The studied buildings are connected to the local district heating network. The presented demand response system takes into account weather forecasts, indoor temperatures and decreases in space heating temperatures when demand for domestic hot water is the highest. The owner of the buildings benefits from peak demand control and can save in fixed fees. If enough buildings would have this kind of demand response control system, there would be a decreased need for utility companies to use peak power plants that typically use fossil fuels for heat production. In this field test, the peak load decrease was 14%–15% on average. During the test, the heating period of February and March, the normalized energy consumption of eight buildings was reduced by 11%, which represents a 9% annual cut in energy, costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Demand Response (DR) heating aims to help in reaching the objectives of the National Energy and Climate Strategy for 2030.

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Section: Economic Feasibility Of the Studied Dr System From Stakeholdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demand Response in District Heating Market—Results of the Field Tests in Student Apartment Buildings

Ala-Kotila

Vainio

Heinonen³

2020

Smart Cities

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“…The trend of future hourly DH price was defined as rising, steady or falling by using the algorithm developed by Alimohammadisagvand et al [26]. It must be noted that hourly changing DH prices are not yet developed in the market, but they are expected [8]. The formation of the dynamic price signal is further described in Section 2.3.…”

Section: Modelling Of the Demand Response Strategies In Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) to improve the operation of DH networks and to automatically shape energy demand has been researched across Europe [5][6][7][8][9]. This has been defined as demand-side management, which is an umbrella term for different building-side management strategies including peak clipping, valley filling and demand response (DR) [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the annual peak heat load was only slightly decreased if energy conservation was not encompassed. Guelpa et al [8] present a physical simulation tool with the objective of minimizing the primary energy consumption at the thermal plants. In that model, the schedules of the buildings heating systems are modified to meet system demand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Optimal Demand Response Control and Thermal Energy Storage on a District Heating System

et al. 2019

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Demand response has been studied in district heating connected buildings since the rollout of smart, communicating devices has made it cost-effective to control buildings’ energy consumption externally. This research investigates optimal demand response control strategies from the district heating operator perspective. Based on earlier simulations on the building level, different case algorithms were simulated on a typical district heating system. The results show that even in the best case, heat production costs can be decreased by only 0.7%. However, by implementing hot water thermal storage in the system, demand response can become more profitable, resulting in 1.4% cost savings. It is concluded that the hot water storage tank can balance district heating peak loads for longer periods of time, which enhances the ability to use demand response strategies on a larger share of the building stock.

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“…Reduction of heat loss in heating networks can also be achieved by using thicker layers of thermal insulation or heating networks with a lower thermal conduction coefficient of thermal insulation, which is associated with a higher cost of heating networks. Heat exchange in single pre-insulated heating networks, which are the most commonly used, has been thoroughly studied [7][8][9][10][11]. Heat losses in single pre-insulated pipes can be determined using analytical methods [3,7,9,12,13] as well as using numerical methods in two-dimensional [10,12] and three-dimensional [14] problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Heat Losses Using Quadruple Heating Pre-Insulated Networks: A Case Study

2019

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The paper presents an analysis of heat loss and reductions of annual emissions of air pollutants of a quadruple pre-insulated heating network by comparing this solution with the existing pre-insulated network consisting of four pre-insulated single pipes and the variant consisting of two twin pipe pre-insulated. For calculations, an existing heating network located in central Poland was adopted, where heat is transported for heating purposes of buildings and domestic hot water with circulation of domestic hot water through four separate pre-insulated underground pipes. The idea of the construction of four pre-insulated pipes presented in the paper consists in the location of four steel pipes in a common round thermal insulation, which perform the role of heat transport for heating purposes in multi-family buildings (supply and return) and two pipes transporting hot water (a pipe with domestic hot water with circulation). In Poland, heating pipes used in multi-family housing have a larger diameter compared to domestic hot water pipes, which is why standard twin pipe heating pipes have been used in the construction of four pre-insulated networks, in which the domestic hot water pipe has been added to the thermal insulation and circulation of domestic hot water. In order to determine heat losses, a simplified two-dimensional model of conductive heat transfer was developed using Fortran to create a computer program. The results of numerical simulations show that the use of twin pipes for the construction of pre-insulated quadruple networks has contributed to a significant reduction in heat loss in relation to the existing single pre-insulated network (up to 57.1%), while reducing the thermal insulation field of the cross-section of the pre-insulated pipe by 21.4%.

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City Scale Demand Side Management in Three Different-Sized District Heating Systems

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Demand Response in District Heating Market—Results of the Field Tests in Student Apartment Buildings

Demand Response in District Heating Market—Results of the Field Tests in Student Apartment Buildings

The Impact of Optimal Demand Response Control and Thermal Energy Storage on a District Heating System

Reduction of Heat Losses Using Quadruple Heating Pre-Insulated Networks: A Case Study

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