CK2 in Embryonic Development

Álvarez, Laura; Revuelta-Cervantes, Jesús; Domı́nguez, Isabel

doi:10.1002/9781118482490.ch4

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…Previous work mainly focused on regulation of CK2 kinase activity and protein level and led to the conviction, that CK2 is a ubiquitously expressed, constitutively active kinase [46,47]. However, the CK2 kinase has also been shown to be a crucial constituent of tightly regulated cellular processes [48][49][50]. In addition, the expression and/or the activity of individual CK2 subunits seem to be controlled independently but very precisely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CK2 kinase activity but not its binding to CK2 promoter regions is implicated in the regulation of CK2α and CK2β gene expressions

et al. 2013

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Protein kinase CK2, a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase in control of a variety of crucial cellular functions, is composed of catalytic α- and α'-subunits and non-catalytic β-subunits which form holoenzymes such as CK2(αβ)2, CK2αα'β2, or CK2(α'β)2. In addition, there is ample evidence for the occurrence of the individual subunits beside the holoenzyme. While the CK2 subunits are well analyzed on the protein level, only little is known about the regulation of their transcription. The existence of multiple forms of CK2 subunits raised the question about a mutual regulation of their expression. Here we defined two 5'-upstream regions of the CK2α and the CK2β genes, respectively, as sequences with promoter activities. We found that CK2α and CK2α' stimulated the expression of the reporter constructs whereas, CK2β was inactive. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we were unable to detect binding of endogenous CK2 subunits to these promoter sequences in vivo. However, it turned out that inhibition of the kinase activity of CK2 attenuated the promoter activity indicating that CK2α and CK2α' might regulate their gene expression indirectly by phosphorylation reactions. Thus, we have shown here (i) that under normal physiological conditions CK2 does not bind to CK2 promoter regions and (ii) that the CK2 kinase activity is implicated in the regulation of its own expression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CK2 kinase activity but not its binding to CK2 promoter regions is implicated in the regulation of CK2α and CK2β gene expressions

et al. 2013

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“…Such an outstanding pleiotropicity may account for numerous observations outlining the critical role of catalytically active CK2 for the viability and/or development of several organisms (reviewed by Ref. [9]). In particular, homozygous CK2a (À/À) mice embryos die around day 11th displaying numerous morphogenetic defects [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A proteomics analysis of CK2β^(−/−) C2C12 cells provides novel insights into the biological functions of the non‐catalytic β subunit

et al. 2019

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The acronym CK2 (derived from the misnomer ‘casein kinase‐2’) denotes a pleiotropic acidophilic protein kinase implicated in a plethora of cellular functions, whose abnormally high expression correlates with malignancy. CK2 holoenzyme is composed of two catalytic (α and/or α′) and two noncatalytic β‐subunits. The β‐subunits are not responsible for either activation or inactivation of the catalytic ones. Hence, to gain additional information about the roles of the individual CK2 subunits, we have generated C2C12 myoblasts entirely devoid either of both catalytic subunits, or of the β‐subunit. Here, we show that while CK2α/α′(−/−) cells grow similarly to wild‐type cells, the growth of CK2β(−/−) cells is severely impaired, consistent with the hypothesis that not all cellular functions of the β‐subunit are mediated by CK2 holoenzyme. To get a deeper insight into the functional implications of the β‐subunit, a quantitative proteomics study of CK2β(−/−) cells was performed, leading to the identification and quantification of more than 1200 proteins. Of these, 187 showed a significantly altered expression (fold change ≥ 1.5 or ≤ −1.5) as compared to wild‐type cells. A functional analysis of these proteins discloses the implication of CK2β in many processes, for example, cell cycle, proliferation, transport, metabolic processes, etc., and in some of which the catalytic subunits of CK2 do not seem to play a relevant role. On the other hand, the pool of ecto‐CK2 is not apparently affected by the lack of the β‐subunit. Collectively, our data corroborate the concept that the cellular functions of the β‐subunit of CK2 are partially independent of CK2 holoenzyme.

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“…There are numerous review articles and book chapters describing mouse mutants and the role of CK2 in embryonic and adult development (see review in [321]). …”

Section: Ncprc13 and Ncprc15mentioning

confidence: 99%

From Flies to Mice: The Emerging Role of Non-Canonical PRC1 Members in Mammalian Development

2018

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Originally two types of Polycomb Repressive Complexes (PRCs) were described, canonical PRC1 (cPRC1) and PRC2. Recently, a versatile set of complexes were identified and brought up several dilemmas in PRC mediated repression. These new class of complexes were named as non-canonical PRC1s (ncPRC1s). Both cPRC1s and ncPRC1s contain Ring finger protein (RING1, RNF2) and Polycomb group ring finger catalytic (PCGF) core, but in ncPRCs, RING and YY1 binding protein (RYBP), or YY1 associated factor 2 (YAF2), replaces the Chromobox (CBX) and Polyhomeotic (PHC) subunits found in cPRC1s. Additionally, ncPRC1 subunits can associate with versatile accessory proteins, which determine their functional specificity. Homozygous null mutations of the ncPRC members in mice are often lethal or cause infertility, which underlines their essential functions in mammalian development. In this review, we summarize the mouse knockout phenotypes of subunits of the six major ncPRCs. We highlight several aspects of their discovery from fly to mice and emerging role in target recognition, embryogenesis and cell-fate decision making. We gathered data from stem cell mediated in vitro differentiation assays and genetically engineered mouse models. Accumulating evidence suggests that ncPRC1s play profound role in mammalian embryogenesis by regulating gene expression during lineage specification of pluripotent stem cells.

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CK2 in Embryonic Development

Cited by 9 publications

References 182 publications

CK2 kinase activity but not its binding to CK2 promoter regions is implicated in the regulation of CK2α and CK2β gene expressions

CK2 kinase activity but not its binding to CK2 promoter regions is implicated in the regulation of CK2α and CK2β gene expressions

A proteomics analysis of CK2β^(−/−) C2C12 cells provides novel insights into the biological functions of the non‐catalytic β subunit

From Flies to Mice: The Emerging Role of Non-Canonical PRC1 Members in Mammalian Development

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CK2 in Embryonic Development

Cited by 9 publications

References 182 publications

CK2 kinase activity but not its binding to CK2 promoter regions is implicated in the regulation of CK2α and CK2β gene expressions

CK2 kinase activity but not its binding to CK2 promoter regions is implicated in the regulation of CK2α and CK2β gene expressions

A proteomics analysis of CK2β(−/−) C2C12 cells provides novel insights into the biological functions of the non‐catalytic β subunit

From Flies to Mice: The Emerging Role of Non-Canonical PRC1 Members in Mammalian Development

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A proteomics analysis of CK2β^(−/−) C2C12 cells provides novel insights into the biological functions of the non‐catalytic β subunit