2020
DOI: 10.3390/biom10101436
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Classical Examples of the Concept of the ASIA Syndrome

Abstract: Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) was first introduced in 2011 by Shoenfeld et al. and encompasses a cluster of related immune mediated diseases, which develop among genetically prone individuals as a result of adjuvant agent exposure. Since the recognition of ASIA syndrome, more than 4400 documented cases have been reported so far, illustrated by heterogeneous clinical manifestations and severity. In this review, five enigmatic conditions, including sarcoidosis, Sjögren’s syndrome, … Show more

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Cited by 74 publications
(63 citation statements)
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References 125 publications
(139 reference statements)
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“…Three major criteria were present, that is a previous exposure to an external stimulus, and the development of some “typical” clinical manifestations, such as myalgia/myositis, arthralgia/arthritis, and pyrexia. 16 The onset of PMR and PMR‐like syndromes after exposure to adjuvant is very uncommon. For instance, only four cases of PMR/PMR‐like syndromes were reported in the ASIA syndrome international registry, which lists > 500 cases.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Three major criteria were present, that is a previous exposure to an external stimulus, and the development of some “typical” clinical manifestations, such as myalgia/myositis, arthralgia/arthritis, and pyrexia. 16 The onset of PMR and PMR‐like syndromes after exposure to adjuvant is very uncommon. For instance, only four cases of PMR/PMR‐like syndromes were reported in the ASIA syndrome international registry, which lists > 500 cases.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Did our patient have an ASIA syndrome? Three major criteria were present, that is a previous exposure to an external stimulus, and the development of some “typical” clinical manifestations, such as myalgia/myositis, arthralgia/arthritis, and pyrexia 16 . The onset of PMR and PMR‐like syndromes after exposure to adjuvant is very uncommon.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the proposed entities for the diagnosis of “ASIA,” “exposure to external stimuli” is one of the major criteria. According to the concept, SS is a typical example of “ASIA” 23 …”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Conversely, because of the mimicry between viral spike protein and human cells, whether the messenger RNA (mRNA)‐based anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines might stimulate an unwanted immune reaction in individuals with immune dysfunctions is controversial 32 . The speculation may not be limited to mRNA vaccines, as an association between specific vaccination (eg, influenza vaccine) and SS or the production of anti‐Ro/anti‐La antibodies has been reported 23 . Thus, the infection and/or vaccination might trigger or accelerate autoimmune responses against the spike protein of the SARS‐CoV‐2 in genetically susceptible individuals or patients with immune dysfunction.…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
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