Classification of Capsular Contracture after Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction

Spear, Scott L.; Baker, James L.; Coffee, H. Hollis

doi:10.1097/00006534-199510000-00019

Cited by 106 publications

(122 citation statements)

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“…Grade IV is universally deemed an indication for removal of the implant, although earlier classes should be reviewed on a patient by patient basis. The original classification described by Baker in 1978 [33], aimed at the augmented breast, was expanded to include reconstructed breasts in 1995 by Spear, with the division of I into IA and IB [6]. IA still described an augmented or reconstructed breast which appeared absolutely natural, but IB described a palpable implant on examination.…”

Section: Classification Of Capsular Contracturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These descriptions are summarized in Table 1. Gylbert made further comments on the palpable deformity in 1989 [54], and multiple other descriptions have been attempted over the years [55], although the Baker classification remains to both be popular and the most practical method of assessing breast firmness [6].…”

Section: Classification Of Capsular Contracturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Capsular contracture is commonly graded using the Baker Classification [6,33]. This has been revised to take into account those patients who have had prosthetic breast reconstruction, rather than solely patients with firm breasts after augmentation mammaplasty, as the original classification described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A literature review and summary of capsular contracture: An ongoing challenge to breast surgeons and their patients

Malahias

Jordan

Hughes

et al. 2016

International Journal of Surgery Open

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A B S T R A C TCapsular contracture is a significant difficulty where implants are used in both breast augmentation and breast reconstruction surgery. This report reviews the published literature focusing on factors and techniques that reduce the incidence of this complication, as well as evaluating the available treatment options for patients who have developed a contracture.A search of the MEDLINE database for clinical studies involving the understanding, diagnosis and management of capsular contracture was performed, with 106 articles deemed relevant for this review. Our search criteria included observational studies as we wish to discuss and highlight the areas of this condition that have been investigated, and unfortunately there is limited clinical evidence in regard to high quality trials in this field.Risk factors for capsular contracture are multi-factorial, and all surgeons should aim to minimise these as much as possible both intra-and peri-operatively. However, in high risk patients it is not achievable to completely remove these elements. When capsular contracture does develop, there are currently only a limited number of surgical options including capsulotomy, capsulectomy with or without reimplantation, or reconstruction with autologous tissue. These procedures, as well as the original implant surgery, ought to be discussed with patients on an individual basis, taking into account their personal needs and expectations.The future of this complication may lie in the development of pharmaceutical interventions, and recent studies have shown promising results. Although this field requires more research, the effectiveness of some new pharmaceutical approaches, to provide alternative non-surgical options for patients with capsular contracture, can only aid both patients and the breast surgeon.

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Section: Classification Of Capsular Contracturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Classification Of Capsular Contracturementioning

confidence: 99%

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A literature review and summary of capsular contracture: An ongoing challenge to breast surgeons and their patients

Malahias

Jordan

Hughes

et al. 2016

International Journal of Surgery Open

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“…In case of an autologous breast reconstruction with a transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap (TRAM), which is, according to Rezai et al [28], still the gold standard, radiation therapy should be performed before breast reconstruction. Radiation therapy after autologous reconstruction clearly increased morbidity, which consecutively worsened the cosmetic results [34,38,41]. With the sequence of TRAM reconstruction and radiation therapy, Tran et al reported complication rates (flap contraction, fatty tissue necrosis, loss of flap volume) of 87.5% (n = 32) compared with 8.6% in patients who underwent TRAM reconstruction after radiation therapy (n = 70) [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Capsular fibrosis was measured according to the classification of Spear & Baker [34]. In this classification (class IA to class IV) several clinical aspects, such as visible or palpable alterations and patient symptoms are considered.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate Reconstruction with an Expander/Implant Following Ablatio Mammae because of Breast Cancer

Piroth

Pinkawa

et al. 2009

Strahlenther Onkol

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Reconstructive Breast Implantation After Mastectomy for Breast Cancer

Henriksen

Fryzek²,

Hölmich³

et al. 2005

Arch Surg

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Background: Clinical reports have raised concern about local complications following breast implantation used in reconstructive or cosmetic surgery, but there is a shortage of epidemiological studies in this area. Objective: To assess in a prospective epidemiological manner the occurrence of short-term local complications in a nationwide implantation registry. Design, Setting, and Participants: The Danish Registry for Plastic Surgery of the Breast prospectively collects preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative information on Danish women undergoing breast augmentation. Through the registry, we collected data on short-term local complications among 574 women who underwent postmastectomy reconstruction with breast implants from

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Classification of Capsular Contracture after Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction

Cited by 106 publications

References 0 publications

A literature review and summary of capsular contracture: An ongoing challenge to breast surgeons and their patients

A literature review and summary of capsular contracture: An ongoing challenge to breast surgeons and their patients

Immediate Reconstruction with an Expander/Implant Following Ablatio Mammae because of Breast Cancer

Reconstructive Breast Implantation After Mastectomy for Breast Cancer

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