Classification of the Eye Changes of Graves' Disease

Werner, Sidney C.

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(69)91246-x

Cited by 142 publications

(100 citation statements)

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“…This group showed concordance with NOSPECS classification Class I -Grade a and above (Werner 1969). The inclusion criteria for this group was a higher exophthalmometry reading.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 62%

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Ocular pulse amplitude in patients with Graves' disease, A preliminary study

Alimgil

Benian

Esgin

et al. 1999

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ocular pulse amplitude changes in patients with Graves' disease. Methods: The pulse amplitudes of 31 patients with Graves' disease were measured with the OBF-Tonograph (OBF Labs UK). All patients were in the euthyroid phase of the disease. 17 patients (Group I) had no ocular involvement or only mild lid retraction. 14 patients (Group II) had either proptosis and/or extraocular muscle involvement. Only the worst involved eye of each patient was included into the study. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups among the parameters which might influence the pulse amplitude measurement. The pulse amplitude was statistically significantly lower in Group II than in Group I (2.34∫0.79 and 3.22∫0.94 mmHg respectively, p∞0.013). Conclusion: Pulse amplitude measurements may be an important discrimination and classification parameter for patients with ophthalmic Graves' disease.

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“…This group showed concordance with NOSPECS classification Class I -Grade a and above (Werner 1969). The inclusion criteria for this group was a higher exophthalmometry reading.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 62%

“…According to the NOSPECS classification, Group I showed concordance with Class 0 and Class I -Grade 0 (Werner 1969). When both eyes were involved, the eye with a higher palpebral fissure measurement was included into Group I.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular pulse amplitude in patients with Graves' disease, A preliminary study

Alimgil

Benian

Esgin

et al. 1999

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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“…The NO SPECS classification proposed by Werner and subsequently promoted by the American Thyroid Association has been the subject of debate and criticism since its introduction in 1969. 7,8,60 Bartley has highlighted these objections and reviewed alternative classifications of Graves disease severity or activity. 7 Few would argue with Perros and associates, 61 who stated that "the ideal system for grading TAO [thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy] does not exist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disease severity scores based on objective clinical data have been developed that attempt to measure the clinical severity of the disease state. 7 The NO SPECS classification 8,9 is, perhaps, the most well known, although others have been formulated. [10][11][12][13][14][15] These scales of disease severity have not been widely adopted because of the difficulty in creating a disease index score that correlate with disease activity and patient morbidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of life in patients with Graves ophthalmopathy

Yeatts¹

2006

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…They further showed that patients with CAS Z4 had a favourable outcome of immunosuppressive treatment (oral prednisone or retrobulbar irradiation). 3 There are also many studies using other parameters to assess the treatment outcome of GO, including exophthalmometer readings, ophthalmopathy index, 4 total eye score, 5 NOSPECS class or grade, 6 and the octreotide scintigraphy. 7 However, it may cause a great deal of controversy over the results depending on which parameters have been used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsatile ocular blood flow change after treatment with systemic steroid in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy

Tsai

Kau²,

Tsai

et al. 2005

Eye

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Purpose Our previous study has demonstrated an impairment of pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) in patients with Graves'ophthalmopathy (GO). Here we further evaluate the haemodynamic change in GO patients after systemic steroid. Methods In a prospective, interventional, consecutive clinical case series, all patients with active and moderately severe GO who underwent systemic steroid treatment were evaluated. The change of POBF and the clinical activity and severity of the disease were assessed. Results In total, 11 patients underwent intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy followed by 2-month oral prednisolone therapy. POBF improved from a mean value of 476.5 to 614.7 ll/min (Po0.001) after treatment. Likewise, the mean clinical activity score reduced from 4.8 to 1.6. However, systemic steroid had less effect on the severity of GO. It also revealed that there is a greater improvement of POBF in those with more clinical activity score (44) at the onset. Conclusions Following treatment with systemic steroid we have demonstrated a significant improvement in POBF in patients with GO.

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Classification of the Eye Changes of Graves' Disease

Cited by 142 publications

References 1 publication

Ocular pulse amplitude in patients with Graves' disease, A preliminary study

Ocular pulse amplitude in patients with Graves' disease, A preliminary study

Quality of life in patients with Graves ophthalmopathy

Pulsatile ocular blood flow change after treatment with systemic steroid in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy

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