Classifying alcohol control policies enacted between 2000 and 2020 in Poland and the Baltic countries to model potential impact

Rehm, Jürgen; Lange, Shannon; Gobiņa, Inese; Janik-Koncewicz, Kinga; Miščikienė, Laura; Reile, Rainer; Stoppel, Relika; Tran, Alexander; Ferreira‐Borges, Carina; Jasilionis, Domantas; Jiang, Huan; Kim, Kawon Victoria; Manthey, Jakob; Neufeld, Maria; Petkevičienė, Janina; Radišauskas, Ričardas; Room, Robin; Liutkutė-Gumarov, Vaida; Zatoński, Witold; Štelemėkas, Mindaugas

doi:10.1111/add.16102

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Meanwhile, a significant APC increase occurred in Latvia (Figure S1). Afterwards, in response to the economic recession, the greatest increase in excise duty on spirits, wine and beer occurred between 2009 and 2010 (Figure S3), following a significant decline in affordability [111].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In August 2019, Latvia responded by reducing the excise duty for spirits by 15%. Nonetheless, as the excise tax for spirits was raised in March 2019, affordability decreased this year [111]. While the total APC from 2018 to 2020 decreased in Latvia, the alcohol consumption per resident may be rising as the estimated alcohol tourist sales have fallen at a greater rate and the domestic sales have risen (Figure S1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A narrative review of alcohol control policies in Latvia between 1990 and 2020

Gobiņa

Isajeva

Spriņģe

et al. 2023

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Issues: Latvia has one of the highest alcohol per capita consumption in Europe.This study provides a narrative review of all evidence-based population-level alcohol control policies implemented in Latvia during the past 30 years.Approach: A review of country-level alcohol control policies implemented in Latvia between 1990 and 2020 was conducted. The World Health Organization's "best buys" and other recommended interventions for alcohol control were used to guide the search. Key Findings: Alcohol control policies in Latvia have evolved significantly over the last three decades. The most changes to alcohol control policy occurred in the transitional period between regaining independence in 1991 and joining the European Union in 2004. A number of significant alcohol control policies have been implemented to reduce alcohol availability and affordability, to restrict alcohol marketing and to counter drunk-driving. However, since 2010, when an increasing trend of alcohol consumption was observed, there has been a reluctance to pursue national public health policy actions to reduce alcohol consumption, and few adjustments to legislation to increase alcohol control have been made. Implications: Despite the progress in alcohol control, Latvia still has considerable potential for strengthening alcohol control to reduce the high levels of alcohol consumption. Conclusion:Although several alcohol control policies have been established in Latvia, many of the planned activities to limit alcohol intake and related harm have not been executed. Public health goals rather than political and economic incentives should be prioritised to reduce high levels of alcohol consumption in Latvia. K E Y W O R D S advertisement, availability, drunk-driving, taxation Key points• Between 1990 and 2020, a number of alcohol control policies were implemented, including excise taxation, availability restrictions, advertising bans and drunk-driving legislation in Latvia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A narrative review of alcohol control policies in Latvia between 1990 and 2020

Gobiņa

Isajeva

Spriņģe

et al. 2023

Drug and Alcohol Review

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“…A total of 18 policies, classified as “best buys” and expected to have an immediate effect, were applied in the study period based on the following criteria 15 : (1) taxation increases should decrease affordability of alcoholic beverages (affordability was measured by data on alcohol prices, inflation and disposable income); and (2) availability restrictions should reduce availability by at least 20% (decrease in opening hours at least 20%). Prior analyses showed that these policies had an impact on consumption level 26 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The three Baltic countries implemented different levels of alcohol availability, affordability, and marketing restrictions in the past 20 years 14 , 15 , meanwhile Poland established only a taxation increase in 2020, and even loosened control in 2002 via a decrease in alcohol excise taxation 15 . Some of these effects have been evaluated such as the 2017 alcohol control policy of increased excise taxation implemented in Lithuania 11 , 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concretely, we identified all policies that had been implemented within a timespan of two decades, which fulfilled clear a priori defined criteria of decreased affordability and availability [see 15 ]. Simultaneously measuring their average effect allowed for: (a) more generalizable estimates on average effect sizes of such policies; (b) better control for secular trends across the region, since we can use the other countries as control conditions for each policy effect; (c) better control of all other factors, as it is highly unlikely that, at exactly the same time of all 18 alcohol control interventions other events occurred which triggered the effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alcohol control policies reduce all-cause mortality in Baltic Countries and Poland between 2001 and 2020

Vaitkevičiūtė

Gobiņa

Janik-Koncewicz

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Alcohol consumption in the Baltic countries and Poland is among the highest globally, causing high all-cause mortality rates. Contrary to Poland, the Baltic countries have adopted many alcohol control policies, including the World Health Organization (WHO) “best buys”. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of these policies, which were implemented between 2001 and 2020, on all-cause mortality. Monthly mortality data for men and women aged 20+ years of age in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland were analysed for 2001 to 2020. A total of 19 alcohol control policies, fulfilling an a-priori defined definition, were implemented between 2001 and 2020 in the countries of interest, and 18 of them could be tested. Interrupted time-series analyses were conducted by employing a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) for men and women separately. The age-standardized all-cause mortality rate was lowest in Poland and highest in Latvia and had decreased in all countries over the time period. Taxation increases and availability restrictions had short-term effects in all countries, on average reducing the age-standardized all-cause mortality rate among men significantly (a reduction of 2.31% (95% CI 0.71%, 3.93%; p = 0.0045)). All-cause mortality rates among women were not significantly reduced (a reduction of 1.09% (95% CI − 0.02%, 2.20%; p = 0.0554)). In conclusion, the alcohol control policies implemented between 2001 and 2020 reduced all-cause mortality among men 20+ years of age in Baltic countries and Poland, and thus, the practice should be continued.

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The Impact of Raising Alcohol Taxes on Government Tax Revenue: Insights from Five European Countries

Manthey,

Gobiņa,

Isajeva

et al. 2024

Appl Health Econ Health Policy

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Background and Objective Reducing the affordability of alcoholic beverages by increasing alcohol excise taxation can lead to a reduction in alcohol consumption but the impact on government alcohol excise tax revenue is poorly understood. This study aimed to (a) describe cross-country tax revenue variations and (b) investigate how changes in taxation were related to changes in government tax revenue, using data from Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. Methods For the population aged 15 years or older, we calculated the annual per capita alcohol excise tax revenue, total tax revenue, gross domestic product and alcohol consumption. In addition to descriptive analyses, joinpoint regressions were performed to identify whether changes in alcohol excise taxation were linked to changes in alcohol excise revenue since 1999. Results In 2022, the per capita alcohol excise tax revenue was lowest in Germany (€44.2) and highest in Estonia (€218.4). In all countries, the alcohol excise tax revenue was mostly determined by spirit sales (57–72% of total alcohol tax revenue). During 2010–20, inflation-adjusted per capita alcohol excise tax revenues have declined in Germany (− 22.9%), Poland (− 19.1%) and Estonia (− 4.2%) and increased in Latvia (+ 56.8%) and Lithuania (+ 49.3%). In periods of policy non-action, alcohol consumption and tax revenue showed similar trends, but tax level increases were accompanied by increased revenue and stagnant or decreased consumption. Conclusions Increasing alcohol taxation was not linked to decreased but increased government revenue. Policymakers can increase revenue and reduce alcohol consumption and harm by increasing alcohol taxes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40258-024-00873-5.

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Classifying alcohol control policies enacted between 2000 and 2020 in Poland and the Baltic countries to model potential impact

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

A narrative review of alcohol control policies in Latvia between 1990 and 2020

A narrative review of alcohol control policies in Latvia between 1990 and 2020

Alcohol control policies reduce all-cause mortality in Baltic Countries and Poland between 2001 and 2020

The Impact of Raising Alcohol Taxes on Government Tax Revenue: Insights from Five European Countries

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