Clay and non-clay minerals in the pharmaceutical industry

Carretero, Marı́a Isabel; Pozo, Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2009.07.017

Cited by 322 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Kaolinite is an important soil mineral, as it has important uses in pharmaceutical preparations that include being a diluent and binder, emulsifying, thickening and anticaking agent, flavour corrector and carrier-releaser of active principles. 25 High amount of oxygen (58.8 %) was observed, as reported for the clay samples that were collected in northern Cameroon. 24 Other elements found in clay were carbon (C), magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), silicon (Si) and iron (Fe).…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy and Elemental Composition Of Ramentioning

confidence: 56%

Physicochemical characterization and In vitro evaluation of the sun protection factor of cosmetic products made from natural clay material

Madikizela¹,

Nkwentsha²,

Mlunguza³

et al. 2017

S.Afr.j.chem.

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Clay has been widely used as photo protectants in rural places of South Africa. Recently, there are wide range of products which are marketed in South Africa as clay cosmetics which are used for photo protection. In this work, in vitro determination of the sun protection factor (SPF) of newly formulated cosmetics produced from natural clay material from the Bizana region in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa was performed by spectrophotometric means. The SPF values found for clay material, face cream, foundation, face mask and scrub were 1.18, 18.33, 13.71, 6.74 and 9.53, respectively. The same materials were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Based on FTIR, XRD, XRF and SEM-EDS results, kaolinite, goethite and quartz were the major minerals found in the clay. Toxic elements such as mercury and cadmium were not detected during ICP analysis; however, traces of lead (0.72-2.14 mg kg -1 ) and arsenic (0.49-0.69 mg kg -1 ) were found in cosmetic products. The results obtained in this study indicate that the cosmetic products manufactured from clay have sun protection ability. KEYWORDSSun protection factor, cosmetic products, natural clay material.

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Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy and Elemental Composition Of Ramentioning

confidence: 56%

Physicochemical characterization and In vitro evaluation of the sun protection factor of cosmetic products made from natural clay material

Madikizela¹,

Nkwentsha²,

Mlunguza³

et al. 2017

S.Afr.j.chem.

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“…The high surface area, the charge on the lattice, and the inverted structure confer properties of absorption, cation exchange capacity, and adhesive ability (Murray, 2000). These properties make Pal widely useful in the animal industry as an aflatoxin adsorbent, a tannin adsorbent, and an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antacid, gastrointestinal protector, and anti-diarrheic (Isabel Carretero and Pozo, 2009;2010;Zhang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper-modified palygorskite is effective in preventing and treating diarrhea caused by Salmonella typhimurium

Yao

et al. 2017

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:The aim of this research was to develop effective alternative therapies to reduce antibiotic use in animal agriculture. In this study, the efficacy of copper-modified palygorskite (CM-Pal) in preventing diarrhea caused by Salmonella was specifically examined both in vitro and in vivo. The CM-Pal was prepared with palygorskite (Pal) and copper nitrate. The antibacterial activity of the CM-Pal was detected by comparing the differences in cell numbers on plate count agar before and after adding the CM-Pal to Salmonella typhimurium cultures. Seventy ICR mice were then allocated into seven groups. Five groups (the treatment groups) were infected with S. typhimurium by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and were given Pal, CM-Pal, montmorillonite powder, gentamicin, and physiological saline, respectively. One group (the prevention group) was given CM-Pal before infection with S. typhimurium. Another group (the uninfected group) was not infected with S. typhimurium. The effects of Pal, CM-Pal, montmorillonite powder, and gentamicin on the treatment or prevention of diarrhea in the mice were examined by stool studies, fecal scoring, and assessment of growth performance and villus height. The CM-Pal had satisfactory anti-bacterial properties in vitro: the antibacterial rate was 100% after 2 h incubation with S. typhimurium NJS1 cultures (1×10 6 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml). In the in vivo experiment, the CM-Pal exerted superior effects in the treatment and prevention of diarrhea in mice compared with Pal, montmorillonite powder, and gentamicin. In the CM-Pal group, no mice showed signs of diarrhea at 24 h post infection (p.i.), and all mice fully recovered from infection. However, the Pal group, montmorillonite group, and gentamicin group only recovered after 48, 48, and 96 h, respectively. The villus height level in the CM-Pal treatment group recovered at 3 d p.i. However, the recovery time of the other groups was longer (at least 5 d). The CM-Pal prevention group had a better effect on weight gain than the other groups. This study suggested that CM-Pal may be an effective alternative to conventional antibiotics for the treatment and prevention of animal diarrhea caused by Salmonella.

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“…Njihova primena zasnovana je na poroznoj strukturi, velikoj specifičnoj površini, visokom adsorpcionom kapacitetu, sposobnosti bubrenja u vodi i tiksotropnim osobinama njihovih vodenih disperzija, mogućnosti jonske izmene kao i specifičnim površinskim karakteristikama koje ih čine pogodnim za naknadnu modifikaciju (funkcionalizaciju) u cilju povećanja kapaciteta vezivanja i/ili postizanja modifikovanog oslobađanja lekovite supstance (43)(44)(45)(46)(47). Pored glina, kao tradicionalnih farmaceutskih ekscipijenasa, aktuelna su ispitivanja mogućnosti primene i drugih predstavnika poroznih neorganskih materijala prirodnog porekla, poput zeolita (48,49) i dijatomita (50,51) kao potencijalnih farmaceutskih ekscipijenasa/funkcionalizovanih nosača za modifikovano oslobađanje lekovitih supstanci.…”

Section: Funkcionalnost Ekscipijenasa U Mikro-i Nanonosačima Lekovitiunclassified

Excipients functionality: Importance and compendial status

Milić¹,

Čalija²,

Krajišnik³

2016

Arh farmaciju

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Saznanje da pomoćne supstance/ekscipijensi mogu značajno uticati na kvalitet, bezbednost i efikasnost lekova u potpunosti je izmenilo tradicionalno shvatanje ekscipijenasa kao jednostavnih, inertnih i neaktivnih sastojaka farmaceutskog oblika leka. Da bi se izradio/proizveo lek prihvatljivog kvaliteta neophodno je, pored ostalog, identifikovati one karakteristike ekscipijenasa koje su od značaja za njihovu ulogu u farmaceutskom preparatu/proizvodu, ispitati na koji način i u kojoj meri te karakteristike utiču na konkretnu ulogu, a potom definisati opsege prihvatljivih vrednosti tih karakteristika. Ove karakteristike ekscipijenasa nazivaju se funkcionalnim karakteristikama, a način na koji, i stepen u kome ekscipijensi ostvaruju namenjenu ulogu u konačnoj formulaciji, definišu se kao njihova funkcionalnost. Funkcionalnost ekscipijenasa zavisi i od konačne formulacije leka i postupka njegove izrade/proizvodnje, te se zbog toga ne može generalizovati, nego se može posmatrati samo u odnosu na konkretan lek, određenog sastava, koji se dobija određenim proizvodnim procesom/postupkom izrade.U ovom radu biće reči o definiciji, značaju i farmakopejskom statusu funkcionalnosti i funkcionalnih karakteristika ekscipijenasa, te o funkcionalnim karakteristikama kao kritičnim svojstvima kvaliteta leka, sa stanovišta QbD pristupa razvoju leka.

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Clay and non-clay minerals in the pharmaceutical industry

Cited by 322 publications

References 47 publications

Physicochemical characterization and In vitro evaluation of the sun protection factor of cosmetic products made from natural clay material

Physicochemical characterization and In vitro evaluation of the sun protection factor of cosmetic products made from natural clay material

Copper-modified palygorskite is effective in preventing and treating diarrhea caused by Salmonella typhimurium

Excipients functionality: Importance and compendial status

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