Clay as a Sustainable Binder for Concrete—A Review

Mousavi, Seyed Sina; Bhojaraju, Chandrasekhar; Ouellet-Plamondon, Claudiane

doi:10.3390/constrmater1030010

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 203 publications

(257 reference statements)

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“…Results of the compressive strength are presented in Figure 2. The results show that the addition of raw kaolin clay does cause a decrease in the compressive strength at the age tested, which is consistent with previous studies [17][18][19]29]. The strength reduction effect has been attributed to the raw clay's tendency to coat the cement particles as well as absorb most of the mixing water [30,31].…”

Section: Compressive Strengthsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Unlike the calcined form, raw kaolin clay is not extensively utilized in Portland cement mortar and concrete. Research on the use of raw kaolin clay as cement replacement has attracted relatively little attention, probably due to the raw clay's strength-reduction effect reported by most studies [17]. However, most of the available data not only show a decrease in compressive strength but also an improvement in durability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Raw Kaolin Clay and Its Dehydroxylated Form on The Properties and Performance of Portland Cement Mortar

Nwaubani¹

2022

CEBACOM

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Kaolin, also known as China clay, is one of the materials that can be used as partial replacement for Portland cement but most of the research has been focused on its dehydroxylated form (metakaolin). The lack of interest in raw kaolin clay as a cement replacement material is partly due to its negative impact on strength and the traditional perception that raw clay is detrimental to concrete. However, the use of raw kaolin clay as cement replacement may offer other benefits, such as energy saving and the potential to produce durable cement-based material at low cost. Therefore, this paper presents findings on the influence of raw kaolin clay on the properties and durability performance of Portland cement mortar in comparison with metakaolin, when used as partial substitute. The results show that the use of raw kaolin clay as a partial substitute for Portland cement improved all aspects of the durability properties investigated, which became more apparent with age. Despite having the lowest compressive strength, the raw kaolin clay mix displayed a lower porosity, better resistance to water absorption and finer pores than the control. In contrast to the raw kaolin clay, the metakaolin significantly enhanced both strength and durability. The results also reveal that at a given superplasticizer dosage and replacement level, the kaolin and metakaolin mixes exhibited the same consistency in the fresh state and a similar range of pore size distribution and total intrusion volume at 28 days. The findings further demonstrate that raw kaolin clay can be used as Portland cement replacement material to produce durable mortar and concrete, particularly for applications that do not require high strength.

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Section: Compressive Strengthsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Raw Kaolin Clay and Its Dehydroxylated Form on The Properties and Performance of Portland Cement Mortar

Nwaubani¹

2022

CEBACOM

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“…Nowadays, a variety of supplementary cementitious materials (industrial and agricultural wastes) are used in place of ordinary Portland cement clinker on a partial basis. Because supplemental cementitious materials are not widely available, they cannot be considered a global substitute for cement [3]. Natural resources such as clay (Kaolin), which is high in alumina and silica, have replaced waste materials in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gum Arabic as an Admixture in Modified Concrete Mixed with Calcined Kaolin

2022

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The use of calcined kaolin (CK) as a cementitious material in construction has attracted the interest of various researchers due to its environmental, mechanical, and physical qualities, all of which contribute to the lowering of cement usage. Studies have reported numerous problems associated with its use in concrete, apart from the ecological benefit that CK can provide. For instance, there is an issue of increased water demand due to smaller particle size, which generates much more heat in concrete, which has a detrimental effect on the mechanical and physical properties of concrete. This paper presents the analysis of an investigation aimed at using gum Arabic (GA) as a biopolymer admixture and calcined kaolin as a partial replacement of cement to improve the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. GA proportions ranged from 0 to 1% by weight of cement. Calcined kaolin (CK) was used to replace 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% of the cement content, respectively. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, density, strength loss, and weight loss tests were all performed to validate the structural performance of the modified concrete. The compressive tests, performed after 28 days from the time the mixture was made, demonstrated that the maximum percentage of CK that could replace cement without affecting the mechanical properties of concrete was 20%. Beyond 20%, concrete does not exhibit good compressive strength properties. The results also revealed decreased compressive strength and splitting tensile strength tests as the percentage of CK increased. After 56 days, compressive strength at 5% CK and 10% CK increased slightly by 0.743% and 1.162 %, respectively, compared to the control sample. The inclusion of 0.8%GA increased the compressive strength by 8.94% compared to the control sample (0%CK + 0%GA + 100%OPC) after 56 days. The results of durability tests showed that 0.6% GA had a higher compressive strength than other percentages containing GA. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-010 Full Text: PDF

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“…Similar to clay materials, silt is not a favorable material, and its application in infrastructure requires special attention [17]. Several studies have investigated the feasibility of using clay materials in various applications [18]. For instance, a study aimed to investigate the inclusion of RCA and crushed clay bricks (CCB) on the mechanical properties of recycled concrete [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixture Optimization of Concrete Paving Blocks Containing Waste Silt

2022

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Most of the waste materials recycled for the production of new construction materials are by-products of various manufacturing processes, such as the aggregate washing process. Recycling such materials is of paramount importance since it could reduce the adverse environmental impacts resulting from landfilling. Various studies have attempted to recycle different types of waste materials and by-products into concrete paving blocks. However, the availability of literature on concrete paving blocks containing waste silt is quite scarce. Thus, the current paper focuses on mix design optimization and production of concrete paving blocks containing high amounts of waste silt resulting from the aggregate production process. Using the mixture Design of Experiments (DOE), 12 sets of concrete paving blocks with different aggregate blends were produced to optimize the mix design. Once the final mix design was achieved, the physical and mechanical properties of the concrete paving blocks were investigated following the EN 1338 standard. Shape and dimension measurements and various tests, including water absorption, tensile splitting strength, abrasion resistance, and slip/skid resistance were conducted on the experimental concrete paving samples. Overall, the produced concrete paving blocks showed promising properties for future applications in pedestrian walking paths.

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Clay as a Sustainable Binder for Concrete—A Review

Cited by 18 publications

References 203 publications

Influence of Raw Kaolin Clay and Its Dehydroxylated Form on The Properties and Performance of Portland Cement Mortar

Influence of Raw Kaolin Clay and Its Dehydroxylated Form on The Properties and Performance of Portland Cement Mortar

Gum Arabic as an Admixture in Modified Concrete Mixed with Calcined Kaolin

Mixture Optimization of Concrete Paving Blocks Containing Waste Silt

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