CLB: a multilevel co-operative load balancing algorithm for C-RAN architecture

Mahapatra, Byomakesh; Kumar, Rahul; Turuk, Ashok Kumar; Patra, Sarat Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.dcan.2019.10.003

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A reinforcement algorithm was proposed in [33] for ORAN radio intelligent controller. load balancing in cloud radio access network can be found in [34], [35] and [36]. However, neither of these studies incorporated a quantum domain in their work, nor did they address the EE of ORAN.…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the Energy Efficiency Using Quantum Based Load Balancing in Open Radio Access Networks

Al-Karawi,

Al-Raweshidy,

Nilavalan

2024

IEEE Access

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The open radio access network (ORAN) aims to improve network efficiency by reducing latency through the distributed unit (DU) and virtualization in the central unit (CU). However, the deployment of additional DU servers increases power usage and competition among virtual machines for user data processing. This study proposes a novel approach to address these challenges by incorporating load balancing strategies and quantum physics concepts, particularly entanglement theory in classical communication systems. The methodology enables the production of quantum information units from a single classical information unit, aiming to conserve energy. A simplified yet effective power consumption (PC) model for the ORAN architecture captures traffic fluctuations and provides a comprehensive characterization of power usage within a virtualized system. An optimization problem is formulated to select ORAN servers for quantum load balancing that are less energy-efficient, maximizing user benefits. The Lagrange multiplier method is used to deal with nonlinear objective functions. The presented problem is addressed through the use of two numerical methods, namely sequential quadratic programming (SQP) and the active-set approach. It is shown that the SQP model exhibits superior energy efficiency compared to the active-set model, with a difference of approximately 45%.

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Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the Energy Efficiency Using Quantum Based Load Balancing in Open Radio Access Networks

Al-Karawi,

Al-Raweshidy,

Nilavalan

2024

IEEE Access

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“…To facilitate efficient energy use, the logical and physical entity functions were separated from the base station and dynamically assigned to resources that activate or deactivate the baseband units. In 2017 and 2018, Qazi et al [30] and Cho et al [31] respectively rebuilt the control plane of a core network to reduce state transfer overhead across modules to maximise the control and scalability of the plane, while in 2019, Mahapatra et al [32] proposed a new architecture to reduce energy consumption including an innovative technology for cooperative load sharing between base stations. In 2020, Shah et al [33] suggested the refactoring of mobile cores in order to increase speeds by placing the control plane closer to the end user; their proposed architecture also improved control plane throughput and reduced latency.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signalling load reduction in 5G network based on cloud radio access network architecture

Waheed

Saeed

Hussein

2021

IJECE

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The rapid growth of both mobile users and application numbers has caused a huge load on the core network (CN). This is attributed to the large numbers of control messages circulating between CN entities for each communication or service request, however, making it imperative to develop innovative designs to handle this load. Consequently, a variety of proposed architectures, including a software defined network (SDN) paradigm focused on the separation of control and data plans, have been implemented to make networks more flexible. Cloud radio access network (C-RAN) architecture has been suggested for this purpose, which is based on separating base band units (BBU) from several base stations and assembling these in one place. In this work, a novel approach to realize this process is based on SDN and C-RAN, which also distributes the control elements of the CN and locates them alongside the BBU to obtain the lowest possible load. The performance of this proposed architecture was evaluated against traditional architecture using MATLAB simulation, and. the results of this assessment indicated a major reduction in signalling load as compared to that seen in the traditional architecture. Overall, the number of signalling messages exchanged between control entities was decreased by 53.19 percent as compared to that seen in the existing architecture.

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“…C-RAN is a Radio Access Network that applies a centralized concept to the Baseband Unit (BBU). BBU functions to process information signals and control RRU [11,12]. The location of the BBU device is separate from the Remote Radio Unit (RRU) device.…”

Section: Architecture Of C-ranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of RR DBA for Performance Improvement of C-RAN on NG-PON2

2021

IJIES

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CLB: a multilevel co-operative load balancing algorithm for C-RAN architecture

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Optimizing the Energy Efficiency Using Quantum Based Load Balancing in Open Radio Access Networks

Optimizing the Energy Efficiency Using Quantum Based Load Balancing in Open Radio Access Networks

Signalling load reduction in 5G network based on cloud radio access network architecture

Modification of RR DBA for Performance Improvement of C-RAN on NG-PON2

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