Clean heating during winter season in Northern China: A review

Zhang, Zongxi; Zhou, Yuguang; Zou, Nan; Li, Huan; Tohniyaz, Bahargul; Mperejekumana, Philbert; Hong, Quan; Wu, Rucong; Li, Gang; Sultan, Muhammad; Zayan, Ali Mohammed Ibrahim; Cao, Jinxin; Ahmad, Riaz; Dong, Renjie

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111339

Cited by 103 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Thus, we conducted extra robustness checks by adding the dummy variables for several other policies into Equation (1). The policies we took into account include the resource-exhausted city support policy in 2008, 2009 and 2012 [31], the low-carbon city pilot project in 2010, 2012 and 2017 [32,33], the smart-city pilot project in 2013 and 2015 [34], the clean-winter-heating plan in Northern China in 2017 [35], and the real-estate-purchase restriction policy in different years [36]. After adding the dummy variables of these policies separately or simultaneously into Equation (1), the estimated impact of the SDPRC policy is still significantly negative and very close to our baseline estimate.…”

Section: Robustness Checksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Did China’s “National Sustainable Development Plan of Resource-Based Cities” Promote Economic Growth?

Wang

2022

Sustainability

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This study utilizes a difference-in-difference (DID) regression model to evaluate the impact of China’s “National Sustainable Development Plan of Resource-Based Cities (2013–2020)” on economic growth in resource-based cities. The analysis is based on the data covering 329 Chinese cities during 2006–2019. Economic growth is measured by the annual growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP). It was found that the policy had a significantly negative impact on economic growth. Further analysis suggests that the policy depressed innovation in resource-based cities, and these cities did not expand their labor and capital inputs. These two phenomena can help explain why the policy’s effect on economic growth was negative, rather than positive. Moreover, our study reports that the effect of the policy was heterogeneous across different cities, depending on their development stages and spatial locations. Overall, our study detects an undesirable effect of the policy. The research findings call for more actions to promote macroeconomic growth during the process of economic transformation in China’s resource-based cities.

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Section: Robustness Checksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Did China’s “National Sustainable Development Plan of Resource-Based Cities” Promote Economic Growth?

Wang

2022

Sustainability

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“…It is also possible to recover heat through absorption heat pumps [55] or electricity-driven heat pumps [56]. For HoB, decentralized boilers are continuously being phased out since 2017 [57]. Coalbased, large central HoB will serve as intermediate solutions, and gas-fired boilers will also increase their share in the heating market.…”

Section: Cleaner District Heating In Urban North Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Neutral China by 2060: The Role of Clean Heating Systems

Urban

2021

Energies

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Smog pollution is a severe social and environmental concern for the space-heating regions in China due to fossil-intensive space heating. To reduce polluting emissions and improve social and environmental performance, local government agencies should choose adequate cleaner space-heating technologies based on diverse local conditions. This implies that all cleaner heating solutions should be considered, including low-emissions fossil fuel district heating and low-emissions fossil fuel decentralized heating as transitional technologies, as well as biomass and electricity-driven heat pumps as long-term solutions. However, stakeholders such as policy makers, equipment manufacturers, and house owners, often lack necessary information to assess the feasibility for installing adequate heating solutions at the local level. It is therefore necessary to establish a systematic method to evaluate each heating solution in various geolocations of China. This paper reviews the current heating situation in China and proposes a spatial system analysis method as a tool for heating-solution feasibility evaluation. By applying the spatial system analysis method, a qualitative investigation on the choice of heating solution in different regions of China is provided.

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“…Electric heating sources include thermal storage heater, electric heaters, heating cables, electric heating films, carbon crystals, heat rails, and carbon fibers (Zhang et al 2021). These forms of heating convert electrical energy into heat through electrical resistance; they are very simple to use, and have become widespread (Zhang et al 2021). The flexibility and convenience of electric heating makes it easy for villagers to accept (Zhang et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These forms of heating convert electrical energy into heat through electrical resistance; they are very simple to use, and have become widespread (Zhang et al 2021). The flexibility and convenience of electric heating makes it easy for villagers to accept (Zhang et al 2021). Electric heating has been used in Northern Europe, Korea, and Japan for more than 50 years (Liu and Ran 2016) Due to the abundance of water, electricity, oil, and other resources, Norway in Northern Europe, France in Western Europe, Central America, and Canada all mainly use electric heating (Liu and Ran 2016); it is also widely used in northern China (Zhang et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an evaluation method on using electric heating in cold rural areas of China

Zhou

Huang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Responding to the national “double carbon” policy, rural areas in China are upgrading their heating methods. Since rural areas are more dispersed than urban areas, centralized heating is not easy to use. Therefore, electric heating has become one of the major solutions. However, relevant studies on electric heating usage in rural areas are limited. In this study, therefore, research methods including literature review, questionnaire, and expert consultation have been adopted, to decide relevant indicators reflecting the suitability of using electric heating in cold rural areas in China. Then, both expert questionnaire and analytic hierarchy process were used to decide the weight of these indicators, with a hybrid model established based on the gray whitening weight clustering method. Finally, a case village was selected to validate the performance of the model, with 20 households involved. The main results from this study include: 1) the primary indicators were technology, economy, comfort, safety, aesthetic portability, and environmental protection; 2) the weights of these indicators were 0.1617, 0.3158, 0.2337, 0.1846, 0.0516, and 0.0525; 3) the evaluation result for the case village was ‘suitable’, which was consistent with the villagers' actual subjective evaluation results. The evaluation method developed in this study can effectively reflect the actual needs of people living in cold rural areas of China and can help to achieve low-carbon heating in rural areas.

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Clean heating during winter season in Northern China: A review

Cited by 103 publications

References 37 publications

Did China’s “National Sustainable Development Plan of Resource-Based Cities” Promote Economic Growth?

Did China’s “National Sustainable Development Plan of Resource-Based Cities” Promote Economic Growth?

Carbon Neutral China by 2060: The Role of Clean Heating Systems

Development of an evaluation method on using electric heating in cold rural areas of China

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