Cleaning using nanobubbles: Defouling by electrochemical generation of bubbles

Wu, Zhihua; Chen, Hongbing; Dong, Yaming; Mao, Huiling; Sun, Jian; Chen, Shenfu; Craig, Vincent S. J.; Hu, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2008.08.064

Cited by 261 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The authors also demonstrated that a much lower change in pressure drop was achieved by treating the surface (3 -4.2 kPa), indicating much less fouling than an average run (pressure drop of 14.5 kPa), confirmed by visual inspection. Wu et al, (2008) used AFM to measure the effect of nanobubbles on fouling and cleaning of a graphite cathode. Nanobubbles generated electrochemically and situated on the cathode could significantly reduce adsorption of BSA (10-20 μg mL -1 ).…”

Section: Non-microbial Adhesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of temperature on adhesion forces between surfaces and model foods containing whey protein and sugar

Goode

Bowen

Akhtar

et al. 2013

Journal of Food Engineering

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The formation of fouling deposit from foods and food components is a severe problem in food processing and leads to frequent cleaning. The design of surfaces that resist fouling may decrease the need for cleaning and thus increase efficiency. Atomic force microscopy has been used to measure adhesion forces between stainless steel (SS) and fluoro-coated glass (FCG) microparticles and the model food deposits (i) whey protein (WPC), (ii) sweetened condensed milk, and (iii) caramel. Measurements were performed over a range of processing temperatures between 30-90ºC and at contact times up to 60 s. There is a significant increase in adhesion force of both types of microparticle to WPC at 90°C for all contact times. For confectionary deposits adhesion to SS was similar. Adhesion of confectionary deposits to FCG at 30°C revealed a decrease in adhesion compared to SS; at higher temperatures the adhesion forces were similar.

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Section: Non-microbial Adhesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of temperature on adhesion forces between surfaces and model foods containing whey protein and sugar

Goode

Bowen

Akhtar

et al. 2013

Journal of Food Engineering

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“…In the food industry, ultrasonic treatment has been reported for some applications as a successful means of keeping surfaces clean (Boulangé-Petermann 1996). Wu et al (2008) suggested defouling by use of nanobubbles. A macro version of this cleaning method is based on the use of air-water flushing which is for example used for the cleaning of drinking water pipes or in membranes (Cornelissen et al 2007) or the combined use of air scouring and sponge ball cleaning (Psoch and Schwier 2006).…”

Section: Mechanical Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Biofouling: Unsolved Problems, Insufficient Approaches, and Possible Solutions

Flemming

2011

Springer Series on Biofilms

114

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Microbial biofouling is a very costly problem, keeping busy a billion dollar industry providing biocides, cleaners, and antifouling materials worldwide. Basically, five general reasons can be identified, which continuously compromise the efficacy of antifouling strategies:1. Biofouling is detected by its effect on process performance or product quality and quantity. Early warning systems are very rare, although they could save costly countermeasures necessary for removing established fouling. 2. Usually, biofouling is diagnosed only indirectly, when other explanations fail.The common practice is to take water samples, which give no information about site and extent of biofouling deposits. 3. When finally the diagnosis "biofouling" is established, biocides are used which, in many cases, for the best kill microorganisms but do not really remove them. Killing, however, is not cleaning while frequently the presence of biomass and not its physiological activity is the problem. 4. Biofouling is a biofilm phenomenon and based on the fact that biofilms grow at the expense of nutrients; oxidizing biocides can make things even worse by breaking recalcitrant molecules down into biodegradable fragments. Nutrients have to be considered as potential biomass. 5. Efficacy control is performed again by process performance or product quality and not optimized by meaningful biofilm monitoring, verifying successful removal.Thus, further biofouling is predictable. To overcome this vicious circle, an integrated strategy is suggested, which does not rely on one type of countermeasure, and which acknowledges that antifouling effects are essentially time dependent: long-term claims have to meet different (and more difficult) goals than short-term ones. An appropriate strategy includes the selection of low-adhesion, easy-to-clean surfaces, good housekeeping, early warning systems, limitation of nutrients, improvement of cleaners, strategic cleaning and monitoring of deposits. The goal is: to learn how to live with biofilms and keep their effects below the level of interference in the most efficient way.

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“…Since nanobubbles do not require external mechanical energy it is expected to be an interesting option. Previous reports on cleaning properties of nanobubbles either describe electrolysis [1] or the alcohol/water exchange process [2] for the generation of nanobubbles. Both methods have some severe disadvantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multistep approach for reticle cleaning

et al. 2012

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The introduction of EUV Lithography for the next node has two major obstacles at the moment; the first is source power and reliability and the second is defect free reticles and damage free cleaning of reticles. We present our results on our investigation for damage free cleaning of EUV reticles with remote plasma cleaning for molecular (carbon) contamination and nanobubbles for particle removal. We believe that a multi step approach is necessary for cleaning of reticles as a single cleaning step will not be sufficient for the efficient removal of molecular as well as particle contamination. Remote plasma seems to be the favorable technique for carbon cleaning and repeated cleaning up to 85 nm of carbon removal shows no degradation of the reticle material.

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Cleaning using nanobubbles: Defouling by electrochemical generation of bubbles

Cited by 261 publications

References 23 publications

The effect of temperature on adhesion forces between surfaces and model foods containing whey protein and sugar

The effect of temperature on adhesion forces between surfaces and model foods containing whey protein and sugar

Microbial Biofouling: Unsolved Problems, Insufficient Approaches, and Possible Solutions

A multistep approach for reticle cleaning

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