Clear and Single Binocular Vision in Near 3D Displays

Abstract

SIGNIFICANCE Accommodation/convergence mismatch induced by 3D displays can cause discomfort symptoms such as those induced by accommodation/convergence mismatch in clinical vergence testing. We found that the limits of clear and single vision during vergence tests are very different between 3D and clinical tests. Clinical vergences should not be used as substitutes for measures of vergences in 3D displays. PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to determine whether the limits of clear and single binocular vision derived from phoropter prism vergence tests match the limits measured in a 3D display and to determine whether vergence mode, smooth versus jump, affected those limits in the 3D display. METHODS We tested the phoropter prism vergence limits of clear and single vision at 40 cm in 47 binocular young adults. In separate sessions, we tested, in a 3D display, the analogous 40-cm vergence limits for smooth vergence and jump vergence. The 3D fixation target was a Maltese cross whose visual angle changed congruently with target disparity. RESULTS Our mean phoropter vergence blur and break values were similar to those reported in previous studies. The mean smooth divergence limit was less in the 3D display (9.8Δ) than in the phoropter (12.8Δ). Most smooth convergence limits were much larger in the 3D display than in the phoropter, reaching the 35Δ limit of the 3D display without blur or diplopia in 24 subjects. Mean jump vergence limits were significantly smaller than smooth vergence limits in the 3D display. CONCLUSIONS The limits of clear and single binocular vision derived from phoropter vergence tests were not a good approximation of the analogous limits in our 3D display.

Variations in intraocular pressure and visual parameters before and after using mobile virtual reality glasses and their effects on the eyes

“…In previous research [3][4][5][6][7] , before measuring visual parameters, use immersive VR equipment for at least 30 min, so it is not meaningful to compare with it. The results of the accommodation test revealed that the AA of the participants' eyes decreased after using VR glasses to watch a 3D video.…”

“…Factors exerting short-term effects include food or fluid intake, changes in systemic blood pressure, and vigorous physical activity. Although most factors affecting IOP are random and inherently unstable 11 , the resulting short-term effects are observable for a limited period.In previous studies, the effects of immersive VR devices on visual parameters are all focused on the visual effects after 30 min of use [3][4][5][6][7] . However, it takes about 10 min to get into immersion using VR mobile devices.…”

“…In previous studies, the effects of immersive VR devices on visual parameters are all focused on the visual effects after 30 min of use [3][4][5][6][7] . However, it takes about 10 min to get into immersion using VR mobile devices.…”

“…The contract or loosing of extraocular muscles affects the comfort of the eyes 2 . In smartphone VR videos, because only binocular vision is working during watching, a certain degree of convergence is necessary to reach fusion, affecting the eyes' horizontal vergence and stereoscopic ability [3][4][5][6][7] . In addition, users are required to repeatedly change the focus due to constant moving scenes in a VR videos, which might easily lead to changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) 8,9 .…”

Visual Fatigue Alleviating in Stereo Imaging of Anaglyphs by Reducing Retinal Rivalry and Color Distortion Based on Mobile Virtual Reality Technology

“…Based on these two images, the human brain calculates the depth information of the scene [1]. A binocular vision system includes two cameras placed in parallel using different views to capture two images in order to obtain the depth information [2,3]. There are three kinds of stereoscopic display technology based on the principle of binocular parallax.…”