Cleavage in Conical Sand Dollar Eggs

Rappaport, R.; Rappaport, Barbara N.

doi:10.1006/dbio.1994.1196

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…7, February 1996 ficient for the stimulation of cytokinesis (Rappaport, 1986), and that cleavage-like activities can occur in regions far away from chromosomes under a number of conditions (Hird and White, 1993;Rappaport and Rappaport, 1994). One possibility is that tissue culture cells differ from embryos in the regulation of cytokinesis.…”

Section: Possible Role Of Microtubules In Cytokinesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Signals from the spindle midzone are required for the stimulation of cytokinesis in cultured epithelial cells.

Cao

Wang

1996

MBoC

178

138

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The interaction between the mitotic spindle and the cellular cortex is thought to play a critical role in stimulating cell cleavage. However, little is understood about the nature of such interactions, particularly in tissue culture cells. We have investigated the role of the spindle midzone in signaling cytokinesis by creating a barrier in cultured epithelial cells with a blunted needle, to block signals that may emanate from this region. When the barrier was created during metaphase or early anaphase, cleavage took place only on the sides of the cortex facing the mitotic spindle. Microtubules on the cleaving side showed organization typical of that in normal dividing cells. On the noncleaving side, most microtubules passed from one side of the equator into the other without any apparent organization, and actin filaments failed to organize in the equatorial region. When the barrier was created after the first minute of anaphase, cells showed successful cytokinesis, with normal organization of microtubules and actin filaments on both sides of the barrier. Our study suggests that transient signals from the midzone of early anaphase spindles are required for equatorial contraction in cultured cells and that such signaling may involve the organization of microtubules near the equator.

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Section: Possible Role Of Microtubules In Cytokinesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Signals from the spindle midzone are required for the stimulation of cytokinesis in cultured epithelial cells.

Cao

Wang

1996

MBoC

178

138

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“…In addition to positioning the male nucleus opposite to the maternal DNA, an oval oocyte also provides the template for deposition of an oval egg-shell, which then constrains the shape of the zygote (McCarter et al, 1999). Experiments in Drosophila have shown that cell shape determines myosin distribution and cleavage furrow positioning during cytokinesis (Higgins and Goldstein, 2010;Rappaport and Rappaport, 1994). Therefore, the oval shape may ensure optimal arrangement of the actomyosin and microtubule cytoskeletons during AP polarization and mitosis.…”

Section: The Oocyte Surface and Cortex Are Remodeledmentioning

confidence: 99%

The eggshell in the C. elegans oocyte‐to‐embryo transition

Johnston

Dennis

2011

Genesis

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Summary: In egg-laying animals, embryonic development takes place within the highly specialized environment provided by the eggshell and its underlying extracellular matrix. Far from being simply a passive physical support, the eggshell is a key player in many early developmental events. Herein, we review current understanding of eggshell structure, biosynthesis, and function in zygotic development of the nematode, C. elegans. Beginning at sperm contact or entry, eggshell layers are produced sequentially. The earlier outer layers are required for secretion or organization of inner layers, and layers differ in composition and function. Developmental events that depend on the eggshell include polyspermy barrier generation, high fidelity meiotic chromosome segregation, osmotic barrier synthesis, polar body extrusion, anterior-posterior polarization, and organization of membrane and cortical proteins. The C. elegans eggshell is proving to be an excellent, tractable system to study the molecular cues of the extracellular matrix that instruct cell polarity and early development. genesis 50:333-349, 2012. V V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…Certain cell shapes alone can dictate asymmetric division planes [5,6], but in most cases of asymmetric division, it is likely that forces are actively exerted on a spindle from one or more specialized sites on the cell cortex. To assess the regional sources of pulling and pushing forces that act on parts of the spindle, researchers have cut spindles in half, or eliminated one side of a spindle, and followed the immediate movement of the experimentally isolated spindle parts [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Forces That Asymmetrically Position a Spindlementioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric spindle positioning

McCarthy

Goldstein

2006

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

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SummaryWhen a spindle is positioned asymmetrically in a dividing cell, the resulting daughter cells are unequal in size. Asymmetric spindle positioning can be driven by regulated forces that can pull or push a spindle. The physical and molecular mechanisms that can position spindles asymmetrically have been studied in a number of systems, and some themes have begun to emerge from recent research. Recent work in budding yeast has presented a model for how cytoskeletal motors and cortical capture molecules can function in orienting and positioning a spindle. The temporal regulation of microtubule-based pulling forces that move a spindle has been examined in one animal system. Although the spindle positioning force generators have not been identified in most animal systems, the forces have been found to be regulated by both PAR polarity proteins and by G-protein signaling pathways in more than one animal system.

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Cleavage in Conical Sand Dollar Eggs

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Signals from the spindle midzone are required for the stimulation of cytokinesis in cultured epithelial cells.

Signals from the spindle midzone are required for the stimulation of cytokinesis in cultured epithelial cells.

The eggshell in the C. elegans oocyte‐to‐embryo transition

Asymmetric spindle positioning

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