Click and Detect: Versatile Ampicillin Aptasensor Enabled by Click Chemistry on a Graphene–Alkyne Derivative

Abstract

Tackling the current problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) requires fast, inexpensive, and effective methods for controlling and detecting antibiotics in diverse samples at the point of interest. Cost‐effective, disposable, point‐of‐care electrochemical biosensors are a particularly attractive option. However, there is a need for conductive and versatile carbon‐based materials and inks that enable effective bioconjugation under mild conditions for the development of robust, sensitive, and selective devices. This work describes a simple and fast methodology to construct an aptasensor based on a novel graphene derivative equipped with alkyne groups prepared via fluorographene chemistry. Using click chemistry, an aptamer is immobilized and used as a successful platform for the selective determination of ampicillin in real samples in the presence of interfering molecules. The electrochemical aptasensor displayed a detection limit of 1.36 nM, high selectivity among other antibiotics, the storage stability of 4 weeks, and is effective in real samples. Additionally, structural and docking simulations of the aptamer shed light on the ampicillin binding mechanism. The versatility of this platform opens up wide possibilities for constructing a new class of aptasensor based on disposable screen‐printed carbon electrodes usable in point‐of‐care devices.

Exploring the Self‐Cleaning Facets of Fluorinated Graphene Nanoarchitectonics: Progress and Perspectives

“…[151,152] The next generation topics in FG derivatives and composites should focus on advanced sensing, flexible heat dissipation devices, secondary batteries, micro-supercapacitors, and seawater desalination membranes. [153][154][155][156][157] The hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity tuning of metal halide perovskites when supported over FG and other graphene derivatives having profound impact on the hole transport and optoelectronic properties which could be rationally designed in future. [158,159] The future of manufacturing technologies involving superhydrophobic coatings with FG derivatives and composites needs emphasis on light-weight, durability, environment friendly and disposability, which are prime requirements for commercialization of the products that are safer and affordable.…”

A Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Derivative Incorporating Ethynyl Moieties for Click Chemistry-Based Bioelectronics

“…The introduction of a Cu(I) catalyst activates alkyne functional groups, enhancing the kinetics of alkyne–azide condensation while precisely directing the orientation of reacting groups, yielding the exclusive formation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles . The unparalleled characteristics of the CuAAC have established it as “The Click Reaction”, propelling its widespread adoption across the fields of chemistry, biology, biochemistry, and biotechnology. − …”

CdSSe Nano-Flowers for Ultrasensitive Raman Detection of Antibiotics

“…The capillary electrophoresis technique can be applied to the detection of a wider range of residues [ 11 ]. The click chemistry method is also successfully applied in the selective determination of antibiotics [ 12 ]. For example, Chen et al have used an electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for the detection of ENR with a detection limit of 0.001 ppb [ 4 ].…”