Climate and air quality-driven scenarios of ozone and aerosol precursor abatement

Rypdal, Kristin; Rive, Nathan; Berntsen, Terje; Fagerli, Hilde; Klimont, Zbigniew; Mideksa, Torben K.; Fuglestvedt, Jan S.

doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2009.08.002

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The global mean lifetime of BC (calculated as the ratio of burden to total emissions of BC) is 5.8 days and 7.4 days with BULK and M7 respectively, while the global burden is 0.12 and 0.16 Tg. This increase in lifetime and burden is similar to results in Vignati et al (2010), who found global burdens of 0.11 and 0.14 Tg (corresponding to lifetimes of 4.7 and 6.2 days) using a bulk parameterization and the M7 respectively. Results are also similar to Liu et al (2011) who found an increase in lifetime from 6.9 to 9.5 days when using an improved parameterization of BC accounting for regional and seasonal variations in aging instead of a bulk configuration.…”

Section: Global Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…BC can contribute to temperature change through several mechanisms; absorption of direct and reflected solar radiation Jacobson, 2002;Myhre et al, 2009;Schulz et al, 2006;Skeie et al, 2011), impacts on cloud cover and formation (Ackerman et al, 2000;Cook and Highwood, 2004;Johnson et al, 2004;Koch et al, 2011;Koren et al, 2004;Liu et al, 2009;Penner et al, 2009) and reduction of the surface albedo when deposited on snow and ice (Clarke and Noone, 1985;Flanner et al, 2009;Flanner et al, 2007;Hansen and Nazarenko, 2003;Jacobson, 2004;Rypdal et al, 2009b;Warren and Wiscombe, 1980) The short atmospheric lifetime of BC means that emission reductions will have a rapid response and reduction of BC emissions may be an efficient way of slowing down global warming, especially at high latitudes Bond and Sun, 2005;Hansen et al, 2000;Jacobson, 2002;Kopp and Mauzerall, 2010;Quinn et al, 2008). Such reductions would also have significant co-benefits for air pollution and health (Aunan et al, 2006;Jacobson, 2010;Rypdal et al, 2009a). The implementation of an efficient policy aimed at BC, which is currently not regulated under any global agreements, requires knowledge of where measures are economically and politically most feasible and where the effect on climate is most beneficial (Rypdal et al, 2009b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parameterization of black carbon aging in the OsloCTM2 and implications for regional transport to the Arctic

Lund

Berntsen

2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract.A critical parameter for the atmospheric lifetime of black carbon (BC) aerosols, and hence for the range over which the particles can be transported, is the aging time, i.e. the time before the aerosols become available for removal by wet deposition. This study compares two different parameterizations of BC aging in the chemistry transport model OsloCTM2: (i) A bulk parameterization (BULK) where aging is represented by a constant transfer to hydrophilic mode and (ii) a microphysical module (M7) where aging occurs through particle interaction and where the particle size distribution is accounted for. We investigate the effect of including microphysics on the distribution of BC globally and in the Arctic. We also focus on the impact on estimated contributions to Arctic BC from selected emission source regions. With more detailed microphysics (M7) there are regional and seasonal variations in aging. The aging is slower during high-latitude winter, when the production of sulfate is lower, than in lower latitudes and during summer. Highlatitude concentrations of BC are significantly increased during winter compared to BULK. Furthermore, M7 improves the model performance at Arctic surface stations, especially the accumulation of BC during winter. A proper representation of vertical BC load is important because the climate effects of the aerosols depend on their altitude in the atmosphere. Comparisons with measured vertical profiles indicate that the model generally overestimates the BC load, particularly at higher altitudes, and this overestimation is exacerbated with M7 compared to BULK. Both parameterizations show that north of 65 • N emissions in Europe contribute most to atmospheric BC concentration and to BC in snow and ice. M7 leads to a pronounced seasonal pattern in contributions and contributions from Europe and Russia increase strongly during winter relative to BULK. There is generally an increase in the amount of BC in snow and ice with M7 compared to BULK. However, in regions where the concentration of BC in snow is strongly underestimated with BULK compared to measurements, this increase with M7 is not sufficient to significantly improve the comparison.

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Section: Global Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameterization of black carbon aging in the OsloCTM2 and implications for regional transport to the Arctic

Lund

Berntsen

2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…These effects are complex and difficult to quantify (Rypdal et al 2009;Penner et al 2010;Myhre et al 2011). However, they generally result in a net cooling effect on time scales of days to decades, becoming insignificant on longer time scales (Boucher et al 2009).…”

Section: Intentional Versus Unintentional N Use In the Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of nitrogen in climate change and the impacts of nitrogen–climate interactions in the United States: foreword to thematic issue

Whitney²,

et al. 2012

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Producing food, transportation, and energy for seven billion people has led to large and widespread increases in the use of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers and fossil fuel combustion, resulting in a leakage of N into the environment as various forms of air and water pollution. The global N cycle is more severely altered by human activity than the global carbon (C) cycle, and reactive N dynamics affect all aspects of climate change considerations, including mitigation, adaptation, and impacts. In this special issue of Biogeochemistry, we present a review of the climate-nitrogen interactions based on a technical report for the United States National Climate Assessment presented as individual papers for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, agriculture and human health within the US. We provide a brief overview of each of the paper's main points and conclusions is presented in this foreword summary.

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“…Brasseur and Roeckner, 2005;Rypdal et al, 2009a;Kopp and Mauzerall, 2010;Penner et al, 2010;Unger et al, 2010;Shindell et al, 2012;Bond et al, 2013;Bowerman et al, 2013;Rogelj et al, 2014). Given the interest from policymakers in the abatement of SLCPs, an urgent challenge is to determine the exact climate impacts of the different species involved (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the climate and air quality impacts of short-lived pollutants

et al. 2015

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Abstract. This paper presents a summary of the work done within the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme project ECLIPSE (Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants). ECLIPSE had a unique systematic concept for designing a realistic and effective mitigation scenario for short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs; methane, aerosols and ozone, and their precursor species) and quantifying its climate and air quality impacts, and this paper presents the results in the context of this overarching strategy. The first step in ECLIPSE was to create a new emission inventory based on current legislation (CLE) for the recent past and until 2050. Substantial progress compared to previous work was made by including previously unaccounted types of sources such as flaring of gas associated with oil production, and wick lamps. These emission data were used for present-day reference simulations with four advanced Earth system models (ESMs) and six chemistry transport models (CTMs). The model simulations were compared with a variety of ground-based and satellite observational data sets from Asia, Europe and the Arctic. It was found that the models still underestimate the measured seasonality of aerosols in the Arctic but to a lesser extent than in previous studies. Problems likely related to the emissions were identified for northern Russia and India, in particular. To estimate the climate impacts of SLCPs, ECLIPSE followed two paths of research: the first path calculated radiative Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. A. Stohl et al.: Evaluating the climate and air quality impacts of short-lived pollutantsforcing (RF) values for a large matrix of SLCP species emissions, for different seasons and regions independently. Based on these RF calculations, the Global Temperature change Potential metric for a time horizon of 20 years (GTP 20 ) was calculated for each SLCP emission type. This climate metric was then used in an integrated assessment model to identify all emission mitigation measures with a beneficial air quality and short-term (20-year) climate impact. These measures together defined a SLCP mitigation (MIT) scenario. Compared to CLE, the MIT scenario would reduce global methane (CH 4 ) and black carbon (BC) emissions by about 50 and 80 %, respectively. For CH 4 , measures on shale gas production, waste management and coal mines were most important. For non-CH 4 SLCPs, elimination of high-emitting vehicles and wick lamps, as well as reducing emissions from gas flaring, coal and biomass stoves, agricultural waste, solvents and diesel engines were most important. These measures lead to large reductions in calculated surface concentrations of ozone and particulate matter. We estimate that in the EU, the loss of statistical life expectancy due to air pollution was 7.5 months in 2010, which will be reduced to 5.2 months by 2030 in the CLE scenario. The MIT scenario would reduce this value by another 0.9 to 4.3 months. Substantially larger reductions du...

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Climate and air quality-driven scenarios of ozone and aerosol precursor abatement

Cited by 28 publications

References 27 publications

Parameterization of black carbon aging in the OsloCTM2 and implications for regional transport to the Arctic

Parameterization of black carbon aging in the OsloCTM2 and implications for regional transport to the Arctic

The role of nitrogen in climate change and the impacts of nitrogen–climate interactions in the United States: foreword to thematic issue

Evaluating the climate and air quality impacts of short-lived pollutants

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