Climate Change Adaptation at the Intersection of Food and Health

Edwards, Ferne; Dixon, Jane; Friel, Sharon; Hall, Gillian; Larsen, Kirsten; Lockie, Stewart; Wood, Beverley; Lawrence, Mark; Hanigan, Ivan; Hogan, Anthony; Hattersley, Libby

doi:10.1177/1010539510392361

Cited by 56 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In one direction (black arrows), the environment provides the resource supply, in the form of water, energy, soil, nutrients and biodiversity, as well as the climate that together influence the quantity, quality, composition, variety and safety of the food supply. The food supply and its consumption impact on PHN, as measured in terms of the population's nutritional status (24)(25)(26) . In the other direction (grey arrows), PHN has a modest influence (thinner arrow) on food demand, particularly the type and amount of food selected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulating policy activities to promote healthy and sustainable diets

Lawrence

Friel

Wingrove

et al. 2015

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To develop a policy formulation tool for strategically informing food and nutrition policy activities to promote healthy and sustainable diets (HSD). Design: A policy formulation tool consisting of two complementary components was developed. First, a conceptual framework of the environment-public health nutrition relationship was constructed to characterise and conceptualise the food system problem. Second, an 'Orders of Food Systems Change' schema drawing on systems dynamics thinking was developed to identify, assess and propose policy options to redesign food systems. Setting: Food and nutrition policy activities to promote HSD have been politicised, fragmented and lacking a coherent conceptual and strategic focus to tackle complex food system challenges. Results: The tool's conceptual framework component comprises three integrated dimensions: (i) a structure built around the environment and public health nutrition relationship that is mediated via the food system; (ii) internal mechanisms that operate through system dynamics; and (iii) external interactions that frame its nature and a scope within ecological parameters. The accompanying schema is structured around three orders of change distinguished by contrasting ideological perspectives on the type and extent of change needed to 'solve' the HSD problem. Conclusions: The conceptual framework's systems analysis of the environmentpublic health nutrition relationship sets out the food system challenges for HSD. The schema helps account for political realities in policy making and is a key link to operationalise the framework's concepts to actions aimed at redesigning food systems. In combination they provide a policy formulation tool to strategically inform policy activities to redesign food systems and promote HSD.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulating policy activities to promote healthy and sustainable diets

Lawrence

Friel

Wingrove

et al. 2015

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Access and cost are important factors in people's ability to obtain food, and as local civic or community production operates outside market structures, it has the added potential to improve accessibility by avoiding market food price fluctuations. In addition, while food supply systems have become globalized in recent decades and food is currently transported around the world [8], these global supply lines may become vulnerable to environmental changes in the future resulting in insufficient food reaching populations that rely on an imported food supply [9]. Areas for food production may shift or yields may be significantly reduced due to land degradation, water shortages and climate change [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential environmental and population health impacts of local urban food systems under climate change: a life cycle analysis case study of lettuce and chicken

Hall

Rothwell

Grant³

et al. 2014

Agric & Food Secur

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Background: Climate change is expected to have an impact on food production, processing and transport systems. While food systems have become globalized in recent decades, interest has re-emerged for local production and consumption to contribute to sustainable and secure food systems in an era of increasing urbanization and climate change. To explore environmental health issues related to the production of local food in an urban setting, a life cycle analysis screening study of two food commodities, chicken meat and lettuce, produced at industrial and civic scales was conducted in Sydney, Australia, as well as interviews with consumers and producers to explore their potential motivation to change. Methods: Determination of environmental impacts was performed using life cycle assessment (LCA) of two civic and one industrial scale producer for each commodity using SimaPro version 7.3.3. Impacts of global warming potential (GWP), land use and water use from the production of these commodities are reported. With a view to producing holistic insights to sustainable practices in Sydney, interviews with producers and consumers were undertaken to assess sociocultural outcomes including views on environmental food sustainability and other motivators of behavioral change. Results: Local industrial production of chicken meat was found to have a lower carbon footprint than small scale civic production. Small scale civic production of lettuce had a similar carbon footprint to local industrial production. Other environmental health benefits and risks varied across the production scales. Environmental sustainability was not generally a key concern of producers or consumers. Conclusions: Action can be taken to retain and promote food production in urban settings as a future means of assisting food security. The scale of production can be an important variable in assessing the environmental health impacts of food production in an urban setting. Currently neither producers nor consumers appear motivated to change practices to promote environmental sustainability.

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“…5 Environmental change, specifically climate change, has affected the price and availability of food in Australia and other countries globally. 2,4,6,7 Australia, normally one of the world's largest grain exporters, has had to import grain twice in the past decade, due to severe drought. 8 The price of domestic fresh vegetables and fruit increased by 33% and 43% respectively between 2005 and 2007 due to the prolonged Australian drought and increased frequency of severe weather events.…”

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confidence: 99%

The cost of a healthy and sustainable diet – who can afford it?

Barosh

Friel

Engelhardt

et al. 2014

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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145

136

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Objective: Climate change is affecting the ability of food systems to provide sufficient nutritious and affordable foods at all times. Healthy and sustainable (H&S) food choices are important contributions to health and climate change policy efforts. This paper presents empirical data on the affordability of a food basket that incorporates principles of health and sustainability across different food sub-systems, socioeconomic neighbourhoods and household income levels in Greater Western Sydney, Australia. Methods:A basket survey was used to investigate the cost of both a typical basket of food and a hypothetical H&S basket. The price of foods in the two baskets was recorded in five neighbourhoods, and the affordability of the baskets was determined across household income quintiles. Results:The cost of the H&S basket was more than the typical basket in all five socioeconomic neighbourhoods, with most disadvantaged neighbourhood spending proportionately more (30%) to buy the H&S basket. Within household income levels, the greatest inequity was found in the middle income neighbourhood, showing that households in the lowest income quintile would have to spend up to 48% of their weekly income to buy the H&S basket, while households in the highest income quintile would have to spend significantly less of their weekly income (9%). Conclusion:The most disadvantaged groups in the region, both at the neighbourhood and household level, experience the greatest inequality in affordability of the H&S diet. Implications:The results highlight the current inequity in food choice in the region and the underlying social issues of cost and affordability of H&S foods.

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Climate Change Adaptation at the Intersection of Food and Health

Cited by 56 publications

References 31 publications

Formulating policy activities to promote healthy and sustainable diets

Formulating policy activities to promote healthy and sustainable diets

Potential environmental and population health impacts of local urban food systems under climate change: a life cycle analysis case study of lettuce and chicken

The cost of a healthy and sustainable diet – who can afford it?

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