“…The Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) noted that, compared with the pre‐industrial level (1850–1900), the global surface temperature increased by 0.99°C (0.84–1.10°C) during 2001–2020 (IPCC, 2021 ). Global warming has directly led to changes in the climate system, including frequent occurrences of extreme climate events (Feng et al., 2022 ; Hobday et al., 2016 ; Nayak & Takemi, 2019 ); agricultural and ecological droughts in some areas (Van et al., 2016 ) and a decrease of ice on the Arctic Sea (Kumar et al., 2020 ), snow (Notarnicola, 2020 ) and permafrost (Oliva & Fritz, 2018 ) among many others (Dupire et al., 2017 ; Song et al., 2020 ; Wu et al., 2016 ; Zscheischler et al., 2018 ). Surface wind are among as the core elements of atmospheric circulation and climate change as well as dynamic changes of surface wind speed (SWS) not only have important impacts on regional evapotranspiration (McVicar et al., 2012a ), the hydrological cycle (Liu et al., 2014 ), air pollution (Zhang et al., 2020 ) and dust disasters (Wang et al., 2017 ), but also lead to drastic changes in wind energy resources (Pryor et al., 2020 ; G. Zhang et al., 2019 ).…”