Climate Change Impacts in the Arab Region: Review of Adaptation and Mitigation Potential and Practices

Shahid, Shabbir A.; Behnassi, Mohamed

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8962-2_2

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The biggest source having an impact on climate change, which is defined as long-term changes in the atmosphere, is anthropogenic fossil fuels (UN, 2021). Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that cause climate change result in the accumulation of heat near the Earth's surface atmosphere (Shahid and Behnassi, 2014;UN, 2021). Some of the heat reflected from the Earth is captured by the GHGs in the atmosphere and re-radiated back to the Earth's surface, causing a temperature rise, potentially causing climate damage (Shahid and Behnassi, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that cause climate change result in the accumulation of heat near the Earth's surface atmosphere (Shahid and Behnassi, 2014;UN, 2021). Some of the heat reflected from the Earth is captured by the GHGs in the atmosphere and re-radiated back to the Earth's surface, causing a temperature rise, potentially causing climate damage (Shahid and Behnassi, 2014). Greenhouse gases that absorb infrared radiation in the atmosphere include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride (Shahid and Behnassi, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the heat reflected from the Earth is captured by the GHGs in the atmosphere and re-radiated back to the Earth's surface, causing a temperature rise, potentially causing climate damage (Shahid and Behnassi, 2014). Greenhouse gases that absorb infrared radiation in the atmosphere include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride (Shahid and Behnassi, 2014). And these emissions are mainly from energy, industry, transportation, agriculture, and land use (UN, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Small-Scale Rainbow Trout Cage Farm in the Inland Waters of Turkey is Sustainable in Terms of Carbon Footprint (kg CO2e)

Diken

Köknaroğlu

CAN³

2022

Acta Aquatica Turcica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As a climate change assessment criterion, carbon footprint CO 2 equivalent (CF, CO 2 e) is used to evaluate the sustainability of aquaculture in terms of its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, the three-year CF of rainbow trout production with a cage farming project capacity of 49 tonnes/year was calculated. The average production capacity of the farm for three years was 52.72 %. Total CF expended was the summation of CF expended on feed, general management, transportation, machinery, and equipment. CF expended on the consumed compound diet had the highest contribution to total CF with 73.69 %. The second highest contributor to total CF was general management with a share of 13.08 % and, of this amount, diesel and labor constituted 78.49 and 19.36 % of it, respectively. Total CF expended per kg and 1 000 fish was 1.13 and 292.52 kg CO 2 e. Mean values for CF expended per kg carcass, per Mcal energy deposited in the carcass, and per kg of protein deposited in carcass were 1.40, 1.48, and 9.43 kg CO 2 e, respectively. On average, CF expended per Mcal of cultural energy expended during production was 0.35 kg CO 2 e. The mean of CF of FCRe, defined as total CF of consumed compound diet divided by total liveweight gain was 0.99 kg CO 2 e. Results showed that aquaculture is a low carbon-emitting sector thus is sustainable and this advantage should be considered when meeting people's protein demand. Keywords cage  carbon footprint  CO 2  rainbow trout  sustainability Özet: İklim değişikliği değerlendirme kriteri olarak karbon ayak izi CO 2 eşdeğeri (KAİ, CO 2 e), su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinin sera gazı emisyonuna yaptığı katkı bakımından sürdürülebilirliğinin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılır. Bu çalışmada, 49 ton/yıl kafes yetiştiriciliği proje kapasitesine sahip gökkuşağı alabalığı üretiminin üç yıllık KAİ değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Çiftliğin üç yıllık ortalama üretim kapasitesi 52,72%'dir. Harcanan toplam KAİ değeri, yem, genel yönetim, taşıma, makine ve ekipman için harcanan KAİ'nin toplamından oluşmuştur. Toplam KAİ değeri içinde karma diyet için harcanan KAİ, % 73,69 oranıyla en yüksek seviyede bulunmuştur. Toplam KAİ içinde ikinci en yüksek katkıyı % 13,08'lık pay ile genel yönetim oluşturmuştur ve bu katkıdaki dizel ve işçiliğin payı sırasıyla % 78,49 ve % 19,36 olarak bulunmuştur. Kg ve 1 000 Anahtar kelimeler  kafes  karbon ayakizi  CO 2  gökkuşağı alabalığı  sürdürülebilirlik Diken at al., 2022 Acta Aquat. Turc., 18(1): 131-145 132 balık başına harcanan toplam CF 1,13 ve 292,52 CO2e olarak hesaplanmıştır. Kg karkas, karkasta biriken Mcal enerji ve karkasta biriken kg protein başına harcanan KAİ değerleri sırasıyla 1,40, 1,48 ve 9,43 kg CO 2 e olarak bulunmuştur. Üretim döneminde harcanan her Mcal kültürel enerji başına düşen KAİ değeri 0,35 kg CO2e olarak tespit edilmiştir. Tüketilen karma diyetin toplam KAİ'sinin toplam canlı ağırlık kazancına bölünmesiyle tanımlanan FCRe için KAİ değeri 0.99 kg CO 2 e olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlar, düşük karbon yayan bir sektör olan su ürünle...

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Small-Scale Rainbow Trout Cage Farm in the Inland Waters of Turkey is Sustainable in Terms of Carbon Footprint (kg CO2e)

Diken

Köknaroğlu

CAN³

2022

Acta Aquatica Turcica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While, semi-arid and arid lowlands are more affected because of near surface saline groundwater and due to evaporation exceeding precipitations (Dehaan and Taylor, 2002;Shahid and Rahman, 2011). Moreover, soil salinity is associated with several other physical factors including soil properties, permeability, geomorphology, geology, micro-topography, wastewater use and climate variability (Hartemink, 2014;Shahid and Behnassi, 2014;Dagar et al, 2016;Bannari and Al-Ali, 2020;Bannari et al, 2021). During the past decades the global warming has decreased precipitations, increased temperatures, reduced soil moisture regime and, subsequently, accelerated expansion of this menacing phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential and limits of vegetation indices compared to evaporite mineral indices for soil salinity discrimination and mapping

Bannari¹,

Abuelgasim

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The study aims to analyze the ability of the most popular and widely used vegetation indices (VI’s), including NDVI, SAVI, EVI and TDVI, to discriminate and map soil salt contents compared to the potential of evaporite mineral indices such as SSSI and NDGI. The proposed methodology leverages on two complementary parts exploiting simulated and imagery data acquired over two study areas, i.e. Kuwait-State and Omongwa salt-pan in Namibia. In the first part, a field survey was conducted on the Kuwait site and 100 soil samples with various salinity levels and contents were collected; as well as, herbaceous vegetation cover canopy (alfalfa and forage plants) with various LAI coverage rates. In a Goniometric-Laboratory, the spectral signatures of all samples were measured and transformed using the continuum removed reflectance spectrum (CRRS) approach. Subsequently, they were resampled and convolved in the solar-reflective spectral bands of Landsat-OLI, and converted to the considered indices. Meanwhile, soil laboratory analyses were accomplished to measure pHs, electrical conductivity (EC-Lab), the major soluble cations and anions; thereby the sodium adsorption ratio was calculated. These elements support the investigation of the relationship between the spectral signature of each soil sample and its salt content. Furthermore, on the Omongwa salt-pan site, a Landsat-OLI image was acquired, pre-processed and converted to the investigated indices. Mineralogical ground-truth information collected during previous field work and an accurate Lidar DEM were used for the characterization and validation procedures on this second site. The obtained results demonstrated that regardless of the data source (simulation or image), the study site and the applied analysis methods, it is impossible for VI's to discriminate or to predict soil salinity. In fact, the spectral analysis revealed strong confusion between signals resulting from salt-crust and soil optical properties in the VNIR wavebands. The CRRS transformation highlighted the complete absence of salt absorption features in the blue, red and NIR wavelengths. As well as the analysis in 2D spectral-space pointed-out how VI’s compress and completely remove the signal fraction emitted by the soil background. Moreover, statistical regressions (p ˂ 0.05) between VI's and EC-Lab showed insignificant fits for SAVI, EVI and TDVI (R2 ≤ 0.06), and for NDVI (R2 of 0.35). Although the Omongwa is a natural flat salt playa, the four derived VI’s from OLI image are completely unable to detect the slightest grain of salt in the soil. Contrariwise, analyses of spectral signatures and CRRS highlighted the potential of the SWIR spectral domain to distinguish salt content in soil regardless of its optical properties. Likewise, according to Kuwait spectral data and EC-Lab analysis, NDGI and SSSI incorporating SWIR wavebands have performed very well and similarly (R2 of 0.72) for the differentiation of salt-affected soil classes. These statistical results were also corroborated visually by the maps derived from these evaporite indices over the salt-pan site, as well as by their consistency with the validation points representing the ground truth. However, although both the indices have mapped the salinity patterns almost similarly, NDGI further highlights the gypsum content. While the SSSI show greater sensitivity to salt crusts present in the pan area that are formed from different mineral sources (i.e., halite, gypsum, etc.).

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reply on RC1

Abuelgasim

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Climate Change Impacts in the Arab Region: Review of Adaptation and Mitigation Potential and Practices

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Small-Scale Rainbow Trout Cage Farm in the Inland Waters of Turkey is Sustainable in Terms of Carbon Footprint (kg CO2e)

Small-Scale Rainbow Trout Cage Farm in the Inland Waters of Turkey is Sustainable in Terms of Carbon Footprint (kg CO2e)

Potential and limits of vegetation indices compared to evaporite mineral indices for soil salinity discrimination and mapping

Reply on RC1

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About