Climate Change in Jordan: A Comprehensive Examination Approach

Abstract

Problem statement: Jordan is experiencing harsh water shortage in different parts of the country due to high fluctuations in annual precipitation; the only source of water. In addition, heat waves are becoming more frequent in the region. Precipitation decrement and summer heat waves are being blamed on global warming. This study aimed to detect trends in weather parameters in Jordan. Approach: Data from six meteorological stations distributed around Jordan were analyzed using several parametric and nonparametric statistical approaches including Mann-Kendall, Linear Regression, Cusum, Rank Sum, Student's t-test, Rank Difference, Auto Correlation and SkewnessKurtosis Normality test. Results: The results indicated that there are no visible trends indicating an increase or decrease in the annual precipitation and maximum temperature. However, there are good to strong trends indicating that annual minimum temperature has increased in the last decade while annual temperature range has decreased. Conclusion: Decreasing temperature range proved that the Earth's atmosphere is becoming more efficient in trapping terrestrial infrared radiation, which is accountable for the global warming.

Environmental Impact of Municipal Solid Waste Landfills in Semi-Arid Climates - Case Study – Jordan

“…In Jordan, scientific proof of a relation to climate change could not be seen yet. Also [41] in there study to investigate the relation between the development of precipitation in Jordan and the global phenomena of climate change; they found no evidence of a visible trend in the average increase or decrease of precipitation, still there appears to be a clear reduction of temperature range. However, sufficient data generation and analysis cannot be achieved in Jordan simply because of limited meteorological infrastructure and limited data resources.…”

Bioethics Principles in the Teaching of Climate Change

“…In addition to the impact to the environment and the eco-systems, climate change has also human security ramifications-for example the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol were adopted to mitigate the impact of the consequences of climate change and indirectly, to improve human security by education and public awareness (Ninnas, 2009;Brauch et al, 2009;Hamdi et al, 2009). Brauch (2005) posits that climate change has contributed to the expansion of the traditional narrow definition of international security, focusing more on environmental security.…”

Characterizing, Monitoring and Forecasting of Drought in Jordan River Basin

“…They suggested that stating the mid-1950s, there was an abrupt decline in the number of rainy days, but their analysis for the precipitation record at Mafraq station showed insignificant differences in the number of rainy days between the pre-1950 and post-1960 periods. The statistical analysis of the climatic record form six meteorological stations across Jordan showed trendless fluctuations in annual precipitation and maximum temperature, while the same results indicated an increasing trend of minimum temperature [33]. Reference [39] studied the structural characteristics of annual precipitation data for 13 meteorological stations distributed across Jordan and utilized the Isohyetal method to plot rainfall distribution.…”

“…Drought research in Jordan is fragmented and limited but lacks the forecasting component. Few studies were conduced regarding drought identification and characterization in some localities in Jordan [27,[31][32][33]. Reference [34] evaluated the SP1 and the NDI at several rainfall stations across Jordan.…”