Climate changes and trends and impacts on grain production

Abstract

Understanding climate dynamics, helps in making decisions in several areas, especially in agriculture, which is totally dependent on climate conditions for its development. Thus, the objective was to evaluate climate behavior, changes, and trends and their impacts on grain production in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil. Meteorological data were collected from the National Institute of Meteorology, covering the period from 1972 to 2023. Rio Verde has favorable climatic conditions for the development of soybeans, however, if the same standards of greenhouse effect gas emissions are maintained, changes in climate change will affect plant production, through increased air temperature, reduced relative humidity, greater water demand for crops, irregular distribution of rainfall and the tendency for extreme events to increase. Even with low correlation, the minimum air temperature and solar radiation are the meteorological elements that most influence soybean production. The gradual increase in these variables can compromise crop performance, reducing production. For the municipality to remain competitive in the production of soybeans, there must be phenological changes in the plants, with priority given to drought-tolerant species, sowing scheduling, soil management and straw conservation, techniques that will mitigate the impacts of climate changes.