Climate forcing from the transport sectors

Fuglestvedt, Jan S.; Berntsen, Terje; Myhre, Gunnar; Rypdal, Kristin; Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt

doi:10.1073/pnas.0702958104

Cited by 283 publications

(314 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…First they were applied in ships and trains. Between 1900 and 1930 it is likely that shipping was still the largest source of CO 2 emissions from the transport sector (Fuglestvedt et al, 2008).…”

Section: Land Transport From the Past To The Presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…air conditioners) as well as larger and more powerful vehicles more Table 1 Emissions of CO 2 from transport in year 2000 and cumulative emissions 1900e2000. Derived from calculations condensed in Fuglestvedt et al (2008).…”

Section: Land Transport From the Past To The Presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schultz et al (2004) estimate that surface transport (including maritime shipping) by the year 2000 had contributed 17.4 ppmv to the CO 2 increase, which would translate into a radiative forcing of nearly 290 mW m À2 . In a recent study Fuglestvedt et al (2008) calculated a value of 150 (AE17) mW m À2 from road transport and 21(AE3) mW m À2 from rail traffic. Indirect emissions related to rail traffic (production of electric power) add another 3.8(AE1) mW m À2 .…”

Section: Carbon Dioxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emissions Fuglestvedt et al, 2008). The inset shows the lower values with a higher resolution of the y-axis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Land transport

Uherek¹,

Halenka²,

Borken‐Kleefeld³

et al. 2010

Atmospheric Environment

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311

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a b s t r a c tEmissions from land transport, and from road transport in particular, have significant impacts on the atmosphere and on climate change. This assessment gives an overview of past, present and future emissions from land transport, of their impacts on the atmospheric composition and air quality, on human health and climate change and on options for mitigation.In the past vehicle exhaust emission control has successfully reduced emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds and particulate matter. This contributed to improved air quality and reduced health impacts in industrialised countries. In developing countries however, pollutant emissions have been growing strongly, adversely affecting many populations. In addition, ozone and particulate matter change the radiative balance and hence contribute to global warming on shorter time scales. Latest knowledge on the magnitude of land transport's impact on global warming is reviewed here.In the future, road transport's emissions of these pollutants are expected to stagnate and then decrease globally. This will then help to improve the air quality notably in developing countries. On the contrary, emissions of carbon dioxide and of halocarbons from mobile air conditioners have been globally increasing and are further expected to grow. Consequently, road transport's impact on climate is gaining in importance. The expected efficiency improvements of vehicles and the introduction of biofuels will not be sufficient to offset the expected strong growth in both, passenger and freight transportation. Technical measures could offer a significant reduction potential, but strong interventions would be needed as markets do not initiate the necessary changes. Further reductions would need a resolute expansion of low-carbon fuels, a tripling of vehicle fuel efficiency and a stagnation in absolute transport volumes. Land transport will remain a key sector in climate change mitigation during the next decades.

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Section: Land Transport From the Past To The Presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Land Transport From the Past To The Presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbon Dioxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emissions Fuglestvedt et al, 2008). The inset shows the lower values with a higher resolution of the y-axis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Land transport

Uherek¹,

Halenka²,

Borken‐Kleefeld³

et al. 2010

Atmospheric Environment

Self Cite

311

151

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show abstract

“…[PANT, HARRISON 2013]. The transport sector is responsible for a large and growing share of global emissions affecting climate [FUGLESTVEDT et al 2008]. Emissions from road traffic have a significant share of road dust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban planning solutions in the context of dispersion of road pollution

Jakubiak

Urbański

2016

Journal of Water and Land Development

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Dense road network change the landscape as well as in many different ways affect the environment and living organisms. The works on reducing the exposures to traffic pollutants carried out all around the world. In the last decade, noise barriers in large numbers began to appear along the main streets and became a common feature of urban architecture in Poland. Besides being barriers to the spread of the noise on the neighboring areas these constructions might also contribute to reducing the spread of air pollution, especially road dust particles with associated trace metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn).The aim of the study described in the article was to examine if the extent to which "green walls" noise barriers and transparent acrylic-glass noise barriers located along roads can contribute to a change in the spread of trace elements from the road traffic to outside of the road area. Toxic metals which occur in road dust in significant concentrations (Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) were selected and their concentrations in soil samples were examined. The samples were collected at close vicinity of the road edge in an open area as well as in an area with noise barriers.

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Radiative forcing caused by rocket engine emissions

Ross

Sheaffer

2014

Earth's Future

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Space transportation plays an important and growing role in Earth's economic system. Rockets uniquely emit gases and particles directly into the middle and upper atmosphere where exhaust from hundreds of launches accumulates, changing atmospheric radiation patterns. The instantaneous radiative forcing (RF) caused by major rocket engine emissions CO 2 , H 2 O, black carbon (BC), and Al 2 O 3 (alumina) is estimated. Rocket CO 2 and H 2 O emissions do not produce significant RF. BC and alumina emissions, under some scenarios, have the potential to produce significant RF. Absorption of solar flux by BC is likely the main RF source from rocket launches. In a new finding, alumina particles, previously thought to cool the Earth by scattering solar flux back to space, absorb outgoing terrestrial longwave radiation, resulting in net positive RF. With the caveat that BC and alumina microphysics are poorly constrained, we find that the present-day RF from rocket launches equals 16 ± 8 mW m −2 . The relative contributions from BC, alumina, and H 2 O are 70%, 28%, and 2%. respectively. The pace of rocket launches is predicted to grow and space transport RF could become comparable to global aviation RF in coming decades. Improved understanding of rocket emission RF requires more sophisticated modeling and improved data describing particle microphysics.

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Climate forcing from the transport sectors

Cited by 283 publications

References 35 publications

Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Land transport

Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Land transport

Urban planning solutions in the context of dispersion of road pollution

Radiative forcing caused by rocket engine emissions

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