Climate-warming Simulation in Tundra: Enhanced Precision and Repeatability with an Improved Infrared-heating Device

Nijs, Ivan; Kockelbergh, Fred; Heuer, Mark; Beyens, Louis; Trappeniers, K.; Impens, I.

doi:10.1080/15230430.2000.12003373

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The observed maxima are within the range reported for alpine and arctic regions on warm days (Kö rner, 2003). As air temperatures under FATI are distorted by the mixing of (indirectly) warmed air with cooler air from outside the plots (Nijs et al, 1996(Nijs et al, , 2000, we give monthly mean air temperatures of a nearby weather station for comparison with other studies: these were 9.6, 12.7, and 10.6 1C in June, July, and August 2007, respectively.…”

Section: Environmental Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heating was achieved under field conditions in the absence of enclosure, using Free Air Temperature Increase systems (FATI) (Nijs et al, 1996(Nijs et al, , 2000. Each of the three heated plots was equipped with a set of irradiation sources, suspended above the plot from the north side and irradiating the plots by a computer-controlled, modulated flux density of infrared radiation (0.8-3 mm).…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical periods for impact of climate warming on early seedling establishment in subarctic tundra

Shevtsova

Graae

Jochum

et al. 2009

Global Change Biology

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Climate warming is expected to shift bioclimatic zones and plant species distribution. Yet, few studies have explored whether seedling establishment is a possible bottleneck for future migration and population resilience. We test how warming affects the early stages of seedling establishment in 10 plant species in subarctic tundra. To zoom into the life phases where the effects of warming actually take place, we used a novel approach of breaking down the whole-season warming effect into full factorial combination of early-, mid-, and late-season warming periods. Seeds were sown in containers placed under field conditions in subarctic heath and were exposed to 3 1C elevation of surface temperature and 30% addition of summer precipitation relative to ambient. Heating was achieved with Free Air Temperature Increase systems. Whole-season heating reduced germination and establishment, significantly in four out of 10 species. The whole-season warming effect originated from additive effects of individual periods, although some of the periods had disproportionally stronger influence. Early-germinating species were susceptible to warming; the critical phases were early summer for germination and mid summer for seedling survival. Graminoids, which emerged later, were less susceptible although some negative effects during late summer were observed. Some species with intermediate germination time were affected by all periods of warming. Addition of water generally could not mitigate the negative effects of wholeseason heating, but at individual species level both strengthening and amelioration of these negative effects were observed. We conclude that summer warming is likely to constrain seedling recruitment in open micro sites, which is a common seed regeneration niche in tundra ecosystem. Importantly, we described both significant temporal and species-specific variation in the sensitivity of seedling establishment to warming which needs to be taken into consideration when modelling population dynamics and vegetation transitions in a warmer climate.

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Section: Environmental Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical periods for impact of climate warming on early seedling establishment in subarctic tundra

Shevtsova

Graae

Jochum

et al. 2009

Global Change Biology

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“…Air, canopy and soil temperatures, as well as soil water contents, were measured in response to long‐wave radiation and water supplements, applied singularly and in combination. Previous studies using infrared (IR) radiators have examined grasslands [ Wan et al , 2002; Zavaleta et al , 2003], a subalpine meadow [ Harte et al , 1995], an agricultural system [ Kimball , 2005] and high arctic wet tundra [ Nijs et al , 2000]. Our experiment expands on previous work in the sense that supplemental energy and water were applied to a cold, dry ecosystem with well‐drained soils, where previous investigators have suggested that both water and temperature may limit ecosystem function [ Teeri , 1973; Bliss , 2000].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and water additions give rise to simple responses in plant canopy and soil microclimates of a high arctic ecosystem

et al. 2008

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Energy and water inputs were increased during the snow‐free season to test the sensitivity of a cold, dry ecosystem to climate change. Infrared radiators were used to provide two levels of supplemental radiation (T1 and T2) to prostrate dwarf‐shrub, herb tundra in northwest Greenland. The higher radiation addition was combined with supplemental water in a factorial design. Radiation additions increased midday canopy temperatures by up to 4.0°C and 6.0°C and growing season mean shallow soil temperatures by 1.3°C and 2.4°C in T1 and T2 plots, respectively. Soil warming was measured at and probably exceeded 10 cm in depth. There was no evidence of soil drying in plots that received additional radiation, in contrast with other studies, nor was there evidence that supplemental water interacted with radiation additions to affect soil temperatures. Water additions were generally undetectable against a background of large seasonal changes in soil water content. We suggest that well‐drained soils and strong seasonal controls on soil water contents (e.g., soil thaw and evapotranspiration) limit the system's sensitivity to changes in precipitation during the brief growing season. In general, multifactor changes in climate gave rise to simple changes in the vegetation microclimate of this cold, dry ecosystem.

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“…Many of these are not compatible for simultaneous use with FACE experiments. Warming vegetation by applying additional infrared (IR) radiation has been used in a few situations over recent years and has proved effective (Nijs et al 1996(Nijs et al , 2000Shaw et al 2002;Wan et al 2002). Additional IR radiation increases the canopy temperature directly, which differs from elevating the temperature of air blown across a site, especially with respect to leaf to air vapour pressure deficit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The TasFACE climate-change impacts experiment: design and performance of combined elevated CO2 and temperature enhancement in a native Tasmanian grassland

et al. 2006

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The potential impacts of climate change on both natural and managed ecosystems are far-reaching and are only beginning to be understood. Here we describe a new experiment that aims to determine the impacts of elevated concentration of CO 2 ([CO 2 ]) and elevated temperature on a native Themeda-Austrodanthonia-dominated grassland ecosystem in south-eastern Tasmania. The experimental site contains 60 vascular plant species. The experiment combines the latest developments in free-air CO 2 enrichment (FACE) technology with the use of infrared (IR) heaters to mimic environmental conditions expected to exist in the year 2050. The CO 2 concentration in the FACE treatments is reliably maintained at 550 µmol mol −1 and leaf temperature is elevated by an average of 2.1 • C by the IR treatment, with 1-cm soil temperature being elevated by 0.8 • C. Measurements being made in the experiment cover plant ecophysiological responses, plant population dynamics and community interactions. Soil processes and ecosystem effects, including nutrient cycling and plant animal interactions, are also being investigated. Collaborations are invited from interested parties.

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Climate-warming Simulation in Tundra: Enhanced Precision and Repeatability with an Improved Infrared-heating Device

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Critical periods for impact of climate warming on early seedling establishment in subarctic tundra

Critical periods for impact of climate warming on early seedling establishment in subarctic tundra

Energy and water additions give rise to simple responses in plant canopy and soil microclimates of a high arctic ecosystem

The TasFACE climate-change impacts experiment: design and performance of combined elevated CO2 and temperature enhancement in a native Tasmanian grassland

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