Climatic Thresholds for Concentrations of Minerals and Heavy Metals in Argentinean Soybean

Abstract

Minerals aff ect the nutritional, rheological, and safety features of food products. Soybeans represent a good source of minerals. Th e objective of this study was to evaluate the eff ect of the environment on the variability of mineral elements in Argentinean soybeans in fi eld experiments. Climatic variables (maximum, mean, and minimum air temperature; solar radiation; precipitation; and potential evapotranspiration) were recorded daily during the seed fi lling period; soil properties were also reported. Minerals in soybeans were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Selenium was determined by hydride generation coupled to an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Molybdenum and selenium were signifi cantly increased (over 100%) in soybeans grown at higher soil pH with high available molybdenum. Air temperature was the climatic variable that best predicted changes in the soybean seed mineral composition. Optimum weather conditions (OWC) were defi ned by thresholds of the climatic variables by regression trees for desirable mineral composition. Maximum and minimum daily air temperatures during the seed fi lling period (30.1 and 17.1°C, respectively) were the OWC for maximizing calcium, magnesium, and manganese contents. A maximum daily air temperature over 28.0°C resulted in higher iron and cobalt levels (p < 0.001). Maximum zinc content was observed when solar radiation exceeded 18.1 MJ m-2 during seed fi lling (p < 0.001). Results from this study showed variation in the mineral composition of soybeans. Environmental features during the seed fi lling period should be considered when desired mineral composition is expected in soybean according to the end uses.

Morpho-chemical characterization of new confectionery sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes from Argentina

“…The toxic lead elements showed values under the detection limit of the method (LDM), while values for cadmium were low in all Argentinian sunflower genotypes. The average values of Cd and Pb were less than 50 ng/g (nanogram per gram), which represent values much lower than those considered a risk for human consumption (Marioli Nobile et al, 2016).…”

Effects of climatic factors on carbohydrate composition of soybeans in Argentina

“…1). The field experimental design was previously published in detail by Marioli et al (2016). Briefly, two sowing dates between October and January, classified as early and late according to their occurrence in the season, were selected in two consecutive years.…”

“…Since most soybean seed is processed into meal, there is a growing concern about environmental and genetic effects on soybean seed composition. Environmental factors, mainly during the seed-filling period, have shown to be responsible for variation in protein, oil, unsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, isoflavones, and mineral concentration (Bellaloui et al, 2015;Carrera et al, 2011;Marioli et al, 2016;Marioli Nobile et al, 2013). Breeders and genetic engineers have historically pursued increases in oil and protein; however, in recent years, research on carbohydrate (CHO) concentration, composition, and utilization has aroused great interest.…”

Yield, proteins, bioactive compounds and minerals in food-type soybean grains in different environments

“…However, in the present study, despite having a lower water volume than Guarapuava, the amount and distribution of rainfall in Londrina was not restrictive. Nobile et al (2016) studied the effect of climatic factors on the mineral concentration of soybean grains in different regions of Argentina and reported that air temperature was the factor of highest correlation with the Ca contents in higher maximum temperature conditions (above 30.0 ºC overall). When this climatic variable was not sufficient to explain the mineral concentrations, the soil pH was the most indicative attribute, with lower values resulting in lower Ca concentrations.…”