Climatic variables limit population abundance of Neoleucinodes elegantalis: Important neotropical tomato pest

Development and survival of Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on wild and cultivated solanaceae

“…As reported by Silva et al (2017a), S. lycopersicum cultivation is expanding into previously uncultivated areas and its introduction and establishment into new areas may well be only a matter of time. The occurrence and abundance of N. elegantalis depends directly on climatic factors (Silva et al, 2020); temperature has a significant effect on the density of N. elegantalis in the field; while in the tropical areas of Brazil, tomatoes are subjected to borer attack throughout the year, in the subtropical southern part of the country, tomato cultivation is restricted between September and March (spring and summer) (Moraes and Foerster, 2015). Since N. elegantalis does not enter diapause (EPPO, 2015), the species must rely on alternative hosts during autumn and winter when no tomato is grown in subtropical and temperate areas.…”

“…The life cycle of N. elegantalis was studied in fruits of tomato, eggplant and "naranjilla", Solanum quitoense (Marcano, 1991a(Marcano, , 1991bMoraes and Foerster, 2014;Noboa and Viera, 2020) under controlled conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Eggs are laid on young tomato fruits (0.5-4 cm; in diameter); hatching generally occurs in about five days and in less than two hours after hatching, larvae penetrate the fruits (Silva et al, 2020). The short time between larval eclosion and its penetration into the fruits limits the effectiveness of insecticides and biological control agents (Blackmer et al, 2001) making its management impracticable and thus leading to severe tomato production losses (Picanço et al, 2007;Silva et al, 2019aSilva et al, , 2020.…”

“…Eggs are laid on young tomato fruits (0.5-4 cm; in diameter); hatching generally occurs in about five days and in less than two hours after hatching, larvae penetrate the fruits (Silva et al, 2020). The short time between larval eclosion and its penetration into the fruits limits the effectiveness of insecticides and biological control agents (Blackmer et al, 2001) making its management impracticable and thus leading to severe tomato production losses (Picanço et al, 2007;Silva et al, 2019aSilva et al, , 2020.…”

“…According to Silva et al (2017a) N. elegantalis is a threat to all tomato-producing areas in the world and although it has not been found in Europe, it is recommended as a quarantine pest A1 (EPPO, 2015). Besides climatic conditions (Silva et al, 2017a(Silva et al, , 2020, the polyphagous behavior of pests favors invasive species to establish and spread into new regions (Barbuceanu et al, 2015;Goergen et al, 2016;Camerini, 2017). Like the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), once initially established, it can rapidly spread to growing areas with similar climatic conditions of its current area of distribution (Desneux et al, 2010(Desneux et al, , 2011.…”

Surveillance and Biorational Management of Rugose Spiraling Whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Infesting Coconut to Reduce the Invasion Threat in Bangladesh

“…Previous studies have successfully employed biorational management options to control piercing sucking insect groups, including white ies (Akmal et Moreover, in order to e ciently handle an invasive insect pest, it is crucial to comprehend its occurrence throughout the year. The seasonal presence and dominance of the pest are signi cantly affected by abiotic factors, particularly climatic elements such as temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity (Silva et al, 2020). By obtaining information regarding the seasonal incidence of RSW, it becomes possible to predict its occurrence in advance, enabling farmers to effectively manage their population on time.…”