Climatic variation across a latitudinal gradient affect phenology and group size, but not social complexity in small carpenter bees

Lawson, Sarah P.; Shell, Wyatt A.; Lombard, Sean; Rehan, Sandra M.

doi:10.1007/s00040-018-0635-6

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…However, countergradient variation is supported by evidence for clinal variation in developmental rate. At room temperature, egg-to-adult developmental time in southern Ontario is about 46 days (Rehan and Richards 2010), in New Hampshire, it is about 37 days, in Missouri, it is about 50 days, and in Georgia, it is about 57 days (Lawson et al 2018). Thus, populations in warmer climates have slower developmental times.…”

Section: Developmentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nest microclimate temperatures on metabolic rates of small carpenter bees, Ceratina calcarata (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

et al. 2020

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Small carpenter bees (Ceratina calcarata Robertson) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) build their nests in both sunny and shady sites, so maternal decisions about nest sites influence the thermal environment experienced by juveniles throughout development. A previous study demonstrated that when larvae and pupae were raised in the laboratory at room temperature, those from sunny nests developed more slowly than those from shady nests. This suggested that bees developing in sunny nests slowed their metabolism or that bees developing in shady nests increased their metabolism. To test this hypothesis, we performed a field experiment in which bees nested in full sun, full shade, or semi-shade. We brought larvae and pupae into the laboratory to be raised to adulthood at room temperature and measured their metabolic rates (VCO2) at 10 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C. As expected, bees had higher VCO2 at higher test temperatures, but significant interaction also occurred between test temperature and field treatment, such that bees from sunny nests exhibited higher metabolic rates at 40 °C. Because small carpenter bees frequently nest in full sun, adaptation to high nest temperatures may involve activation of thermal protection mechanisms at the cost of slower development.

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Section: Developmentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nest microclimate temperatures on metabolic rates of small carpenter bees, Ceratina calcarata (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

et al. 2020

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“…Plant and vertebrate collections have spearheaded this effort (Bakker, 2017; Bebber et al, 2010; Besnard et al, 2014; Bieker & Martin, 2018; Braun & Wann, 2017; Cook et al, 2014; Davis et al, 2015; Greve et al, 2016; Guralnick & Constable, 2010; Hart et al, 2014; Primack & Gallinat, 2017; Schmitt et al, 2018; Willis et al, 2017). Other natural history collections have followed the lead of plants and vertebrates (Brooks et al, 2014; Lawson et al, 2018). Digitization is of benefit to collections by allowing them to share their holdings with larger audiences, and opening new avenues for large-scale research and public engagement (Ellwood et al, 2015; Ellwood et al, 2018; Nelson & Ellis, 2018; Rapacciuolo et al, 2017; Spear, Pauly & Kaiser, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of North American arthropod collections: prospects and challenges for addressing biodiversity research

Cobb

Gáll

Zaspel

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Over 300 million arthropod specimens are housed in North American natural history collections. These collections represent a “vast hidden treasure trove” of biodiversity −95% of the specimen label data have yet to be transcribed for research, and less than 2% of the specimens have been imaged. Specimen labels contain crucial information to determine species distributions over time and are essential for understanding patterns of ecology and evolution, which will help assess the growing biodiversity crisis driven by global change impacts. Specimen images offer indispensable insight and data for analyses of traits, and ecological and phylogenetic patterns of biodiversity. Here, we review North American arthropod collections using two key metrics, specimen holdings and digitization efforts, to assess the potential for collections to provide needed biodiversity data. We include data from 223 arthropod collections in North America, with an emphasis on the United States. Our specific findings are as follows: (1) The majority of North American natural history collections (88%) and specimens (89%) are located in the United States. Canada has comparable holdings to the United States relative to its estimated biodiversity. Mexico has made the furthest progress in terms of digitization, but its specimen holdings should be increased to reflect the estimated higher Mexican arthropod diversity. The proportion of North American collections that has been digitized, and the number of digital records available per species, are both much lower for arthropods when compared to chordates and plants. (2) The National Science Foundation’s decade-long ADBC program (Advancing Digitization of Biological Collections) has been transformational in promoting arthropod digitization. However, even if this program became permanent, at current rates, by the year 2050 only 38% of the existing arthropod specimens would be digitized, and less than 1% would have associated digital images. (3) The number of specimens in collections has increased by approximately 1% per year over the past 30 years. We propose that this rate of increase is insufficient to provide enough data to address biodiversity research needs, and that arthropod collections should aim to triple their rate of new specimen acquisition. (4) The collections we surveyed in the United States vary broadly in a number of indicators. Collectively, there is depth and breadth, with smaller collections providing regional depth and larger collections providing greater global coverage. (5) Increased coordination across museums is needed for digitization efforts to target taxa for research and conservation goals and address long-term data needs. Two key recommendations emerge: collections should significantly increase both their specimen holdings and their digitization efforts to empower continental and global biodiversity data pipelines, and stimulate downstream research.

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“…Animals generally exhibit the geographic relationship between size and temperature with larger animals found in colder climates (Bergmann's rule), but it is not universal (Bergmann, 1847;Blackburn & Hawkins, 2004;Salewski & Watt, 2017;Shelomi, 2012). Previous work in C. calcarata has found similar patterns, with individuals in colder northern populations being larger on average than those in warmer southern populations (Lawson et al, 2018). Bees in general, mostly conform to Bergmann's rule (Gérard et al, 2018) with bumble bees being a notable exception (Ramírez-Delgado et al, 2016; however see Scriven et al, 2016), possibly due to their thermoregulatory ability and active incubation of their developing young (Heinrich, 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In particular, we examined average summer climates (June-August) as an indicator of the environment under which the bees developed. In parts of their range, C. calcarata may begin their development earlier than June, but, without detailed lifehistory studies from across their range, we conservatively used summer climate (Lawson et al, 2018). We obtained monthly temperature data with a resolution of 0.5° latitude by 0.5° longitude global grid However, there is some evidence that bees increase their foraging range when flowering plant species richness is low (Jha & Kremen, 2013).…”

Section: Spatial Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposing pressures of climate and land‐use change on a native bee

Kelemen

Rehan

2020

Global Change Biology

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Anthropogenic activities are rapidly changing the environment, and species that do not respond face a higher risk of extinction. Species may respond to environmental changes by modifying their behaviors, shifting their distributions, or changing their morphology. Recent morphological responses are often measured by changes in body size. Changes in body size are often attributed to climate change, but may instead be due to differences in available resources associated with changes in local land‐use. The effects of temperature and land‐use can be uncoupled in populations of the small carpenter bee Ceratina calcarata, which have experienced changes in agricultural and urban cover independent of climate change. We studied how the morphology of this bee has changed over the past 118 years (1902–2019) in relation to climate change and the past 45 years (1974–2019) in relation to agricultural and urban cover. Over this time, summer temperatures increased. We found that male and female size decreased with increasing temperature. Male size also decreased with agricultural expansion. Female size, however, increased with agricultural expansion. These results suggest that rising temperatures correlate with a decrease in female body size, while, opposite to predicted, agricultural land‐use may select for increased female body size. These opposing pressures act concurrently and may result in bee extirpation from agricultural habitats if selection for large sizes is unsustainable as temperatures continue to increase. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the need to consider multiple environmental stressors when examining the effects of climate change due to their interactions.

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Climatic variation across a latitudinal gradient affect phenology and group size, but not social complexity in small carpenter bees

Cited by 12 publications

References 54 publications

Effect of nest microclimate temperatures on metabolic rates of small carpenter bees, Ceratina calcarata (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Effect of nest microclimate temperatures on metabolic rates of small carpenter bees, Ceratina calcarata (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Assessment of North American arthropod collections: prospects and challenges for addressing biodiversity research

Opposing pressures of climate and land‐use change on a native bee

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