“…Among the included studies, 61.54% ( n = 16) were from developed countries, including six from America ( Patel et al, 2005 ; Roth et al, 2013 ; Rodis et al, 2017 ; Schwartz et al, 2017 ; Vande Griend et al, 2018 ; Chung et al, 2020 ), three from Canada ( Khera et al, 2019 ; Gerard et al, 2020 ; Samir Abdin et al, 2020 ), three from Australia ( Gisev et al, 2009 ; Tan et al, 2014 ; Benson et al, 2018 ), two from Spain ( Gomez et al, 2009 ; Troncoso-Marino et al, 2020 ), one from the Netherlands ( Hazen et al, 2019 ), and one from Sweden ( Lenander et al, 2014 ); 38.46% ( n = 10) were from developing countries, including four from Brazil ( Mendonca et al, 2016 ; Okumura et al, 2016 ; Neves et al, 2019 ; Santos et al, 2019 ), three from China ( Zhao, 2012 ; Yang et al, 2018 ; Zhang et al, 2020a ; Zhang et al, 2020b ), two from Qatar ( Hooper et al, 2009 ; Nadir et al, 2014 ), and one from Indonesia ( Puspitasari et al, 2020 ). According to the types of study design reported by the authors, there were six prospective studies ( Hooper et al, 2009 ; Roth et al, 2013 ; Rodis et al, 2017 ; Benson et al, 2018 ; Yang et al, 2018 ; Zhang et al, 2020a ; Zhang et al, 2020b ), five cross-sectional studies ( Zhao, 2012 ; Nadir et al, 2014 ; Okumura et al, 2016 ; Hazen et al, 2019 ; Troncoso-Marino et al, 2020 ), four retrospective studies ( Mendonca et al, 2016 ; Vande Griend et al, 2018 ; Chung et al, 2020 ; Gerard et al, 2020 ), five before-and-after controlled or longitudinal studies ( Gomez et al, 2009 ; Tan et al, 2014 ; Khera et al, 2019 ; Neves et al, 2019 ; Samir Abdin et al, 2020 ), and one rand...…”