Clinical Advancements in Skull Vibration-Induced Nystagmus (SVIN) over the Last Two Years: A Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction and Objectives: Skull vibration-induced nystagmus (SVIN) has become a validated tool for evaluating the vestibular function. The presence of SVIN is a useful indicator of the asymmetry of vestibular function between the two ears. In unilateral vestibular loss, a 100 Hz bone-conducted vibration given to either mastoid immediately causes a primarily horizontal nystagmus. The aim of this study is to review the usefulness of this tool in different clinical situations according to the results published. Methods: We performed an electronic search using PubMed and BVS. Eleven studies were discussed. Results: A progressive linear relationship has been identified between the slow-phase velocity (SPV) of SVIN determined using a 100 Hz skull vibrator and the gain difference (healthy ear/affected ear) measured by video head impulse test (vHIT). The SPV of SVIN may be more sensitive than vHIT in identifying the recovery of vestibular function following intratympanic gentamicin (ITG) administration. A link between a reduction in SPV and the likelihood of vertigo episodes in patients with MD who have been treated with intraympanic gentamicin (ITG) has been illustrated. SVIN in superior canal dehiscence (SCD) patients has greater sensitivity than the air-conducted Tullio phenomenon (ACTP) or the Hennebert sign. SVIN can be combined with vHIT to reveal vestibular asymmetry in nonprogressive vestibular schwannomas. An upbeating SVIN may reveal superior branch vestibular neuritis. Vibration-induced downbeat nystagmus should be added to the list of central vestibular signs and is likely due to cerebellar dysfunction. Conclusions: SVIN has become an interesting screening tool for diagnosing or during the follow-up of many different vestibular pathologies.