Clinical and Echocardiographic Predictors of Outcomes in Patients With Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Normal Values of Left Atrial Volume in Pediatric Age Group Using a Validated Allometric Model

“…The allometric exponent (AE) derived for the entire cohort (1.27) using the least squares regression analysis also failed to eliminate the residual relationship to BSA (r=−0. 15 …”

“…LA size assessment is used to diagnose and prognosticate diastolic dysfunction and is used as an outcome measure for risk stratification in heart failure, cardiomyopathy, 15 shunt, 5 and regurgitant lesions. 6 The current recommendation for LA size measurement advocates the derivation of LAV using biplane area length method.…”

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings Predict Major Adverse Events in Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

“…2 However, more recent studies have found apical HCM to be associated with greater than previously recognized cardiovascular mortality and significant morbidity, including ventricular and atrial arrhythmias, sudden death, heart failure (HF), and stroke. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Predicting which patients are at risk for adverse events remains a clinical challenge.…”

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a review of presentation, pathophysiology, diagnosis and natural course of the disease

“…Mortality and morbidity outcomes from these studies are summarized in Table 2 and Table 3. 3,4,5,16,36,37,[40][41][42][43] Most studies did not report MI unrelated to pre-existing coronary artery disease.…”

“…Furthermore apical thrombus, Loefflers endocarditis, LV aneurysm, LV non compaction, and endomyocardial fibrosis may give a similar echocardiographic appearance on TTE to AHCM. [15][16][17] Other common imaging modality options include TTE with contrast, trans-esophageal echocardiogram (TEE), cardiac multidetector computer tomography (MDCT) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).…”