Clinical and histopathological aspects of the insect bite hypersensitivity in horses

Filho, José Paes de Oliveira; Fabris, Viciany Erique; Gonçalves, Roberto Calderón; Amorim, Rogério Martins; Chiacchio, Simone Biagio; Borges, Alexandre S.

doi:10.5433/1679-0359.2012v33n3p1113

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A similar finding was observed in sheep and horses bit by insects (Connan & Lloyd 1988, Yeruham et al 2004, Oliveira-Filho et al 2012. Lesions that characterize type IV hypersensitivity, such as orthokeratotic hypersensitivity, acanthosis, vacuolization, and necrosis of epidermal cells, observed in some animals, are similar to those described by Corrêa et al (2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The skin lesions observed, characterized by alopecia, erythema, hyperpigmentation, crust, thickening and deformity of the ears, and the presence of secondary bacterial infection with the formation of abscesses at the base of the ears, are similar to those described in sheep attacked by insects from the genus Culicoides (Schild et al 1993, Yeruham & Braverman 2000, Corrêa et al 2007). These lesions were also described in horses and have been associated with Ceratopogonidae insects from this genus (Connan & Lloyd 1988, Schild et al 1993, Yeruham & Braverman 2000, Ferreira 2001, Yeruham et al 2004, Oliveira-Filho et al 2012). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seasonal allergic dermatitis is a skin disease that is associated with insect bites and affects several animal species, including horses (Henry & Bory 1937, Baker & Quinn 1978, Fadok & Greiner 1990, Schild et al 2003, Oliveira-Filho et al 2012, sheep (Connan & Lloyd 1988, Schild et al 2003, Corrêa et al 2007, Souza et al 2005, Barbosa et al 2011, Portela et al 2012, cattle (Yeruham et al 1993), mules, goats (Yeruham et al 1997, Macêdo et al 2008, felines (Mason & Evans 1991), and man (Penneys et al 1989, Brummer-Korvenkontio et al 1994.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allergic dermatitis caused by Culicoides in Texel sheep in the state of Pará, Brazil

et al. 2017

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Clinical and epidemiological data were obtained during monthly visits to the farm. Skin biopsies were performed for histopathological examinations, and insects were captured with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) traps and live-bait entomological vacuum devices. The property housed a herd of both genders, with 45 Santa Inês sheep of different ages and 72 Texel adults. Of the 72 Texel sheep, 56 were affected. Of these, 24 exhibited alopecia, erythema, edema, and crust in the ears, on top of the head, and less often, around the eyes. In addition to the lesions described above, 14 animals exhibited hyperpigmentation of the ears and/or around the eyes and crust in the nose. Another 18 animals exhibited chronic lesions characterized by deformed and thickened ears, alopecia with hyperpigmentation, and in most cases, secondary bacterial infections with abscesses and/or myiasis. Some of these animals had lost part of their ears. Histologically, the lesions were characterized as orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, vacuolization, and necrosis of epidermal cells. An inflammatory infiltrate was present in the dermis, which was composed mainly of eosinophils and macrophages, some lymphocytes and mast cells, and few neutrophils, in addition to edema and collagen deposition. The Santa Inês sheep were not affected. Among the captured insects, 294 specimens of Culicoides (Hoffmania) plaumanni Spinelli, 57 specimens of C. (Hoffmania) insignis Lutz, and 27 specimens of other Culicoides species were identified. We conclude that C. plaumanni, C. insignis, and possibly other Culicoides species are involved in the etiology of allergic dermatitis in Texel sheep in the state of Pará. Santa Inês sheep in the same region and under the same conditions were not affected, which suggests lower susceptibility of these animals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allergic dermatitis caused by Culicoides in Texel sheep in the state of Pará, Brazil

et al. 2017

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“…In brief, this score comprises five severity grades, each with an additional characteristic to the preceding one with 0) no signs of CH; 1) increased skin flaking with visible epithelial debris; 2) areas of broken hairs or alopecia from scratching; 3) indurated skin folds; 4) obvious crusts from serous exudate, but without bleeding; 5) bleeding from selfinflicted abrasions. As diagnosis of CH is based on clinical signs and a characteristic medical history (Oliveira-Filho et al 2012), horses were classified as CH affected if their current CH-score was >0 and their history was compatible with CH. Finally, in part four the historical lung health status of the horse was assessed using the questions from the Horse Owner Assessed Respiratory Signs Index (HOARSI) questionnaire developed by Ramseyer et al (2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hypersensitivity disorders and environmental factors on the equine intestinal microbiota

Kaiser-Thom

Hilty

Gerber

2020

Veterinary Quarterly

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Background: Recent evidence suggests that an altered intestinal microbiota, specifically a reduction of bacterial diversity or a shift in microbial composition, is associated with the development of hypersensitivity disorders in humans, but this is unknown for horses. Objectives: In this study we hypothesized that horses affected by either Culicoides hypersensitivity or severe equine asthma or both show a decreased diversity of their intestinal microbiota. We also investigated environmental effects. Methods: Rectal swab samples of a total of 140 horses were collected and the owners completed a detailed questionnaire about their horse. For each allergic horse, a healthy peer from the same stable was equally sampled as an environmentally matched control. Microbiota in the swabs was determined by assessing the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Structures of bacterial communities were investigated by means of alpha and beta diversity indices. Results: Group wise comparisons between healthy and allergic horses showed no significant differences regarding alpha (p ¼ 0.9) and beta diversity (p ¼ 0.5). However, the microbial structure was associated with environmental factors such as the type of stable (p ¼ 0.001), access to pasture (p ¼ 0.001) or the type of feeding (p ¼ 0.003). There was also a strong location effect meaning that the microbiota was more similar within the same as compared between farms within this study. Conclusion: Our observations suggest that hypersensitivity disorders in adult horses are not associated with an alteration of the intestinal microbiota, but environmental and/or location factors strongly influence these bacteria.ABBREVIATIONS: ASV: amplicon sequence variant; bp: base pair; CH: Culicoides hypersensitivity; HOARSI: horse owner assessed respiratory signs index; NMDS: nonmetric multidimensional scaling; OTU: operational taxonomic unit; SEA: severe equine asthma; V4: variable region 4 (of the bacterial 16Sr RNA gene) ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Pruritus intensity varies, though, in its severe state, self-excoriation and secondary bacterial infection may ensue (Hallamaa, 2009). The disease's global distribution is associated with the presence of Culicoides (Oliveira-Filho et al, 2012). The diagnosis depends mainly on history, examination, and response to insect control measures (Williams and Barrif, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological and Oxidant/Antioxidant Status in Recurrent Equine Eczema Of Egyptian Horses

Jaheen¹,

Salem²,

Elsherif³

2022

AAVS

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Clinical and histopathological aspects of the insect bite hypersensitivity in horses

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Allergic dermatitis caused by Culicoides in Texel sheep in the state of Pará, Brazil

Allergic dermatitis caused by Culicoides in Texel sheep in the state of Pará, Brazil

Effects of hypersensitivity disorders and environmental factors on the equine intestinal microbiota

Hematological and Oxidant/Antioxidant Status in Recurrent Equine Eczema Of Egyptian Horses

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