Clinical application and reliability of a post abdominal surgery pain assessment scale (PASPAS) in horses

Graubner, Claudia; Gerber, V.; Doherr, Marcus G.; Spadavecchia, Claudia

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.04.029

Cited by 70 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Graubner et al . () described the ‘Post abdominal surgery pain assessment scale’ (PASPAS) for evaluating pain in horses after emergency laparotomy. The PASPAS grades all parameters over 2–6 levels on a scale ranging from 0 to 6.…”

Section: Pain Evaluation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…; Graubner et al . ). Palpation of the painful area is included in some of the scales, although it is reported to be poorly correlated with the total pain score after laparotomy (Graubner et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Graubner et al . ). The level of the reaction elicited by palpation does not necessarily correlate with the level of pain experienced when the area is left untouched and should therefore be interpreted with caution.…”

Section: Pain Evaluation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), as well as pawing, flank watching and rolling in relation to colic pain (Mair and Smith ; Graubner et al . ; Sutton et al . ).…”

Section: Pain‐related Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recognition and quantification of pain in horses: A tutorial review

Gleerup

Lindegaard

2015

Equine Veterinary Education

104

108

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Summary Pain management is dependent on the quality of the pain evaluation. Ideally, pain evaluation is objective, pain‐specific and easily incorporated into a busy equine clinic. This paper reviews the existing knowledge base regarding the identification and quantification of pain in horses. Behavioural indicators of pain in horses in the context of normal equine behaviour, as well as various physiological parameters potentially useful for pain evaluation, are discussed. Areas where knowledge is sparse are identified and a new equine pain scale based on results from all reviewed papers is proposed. Finally, the most important considerations in relation to the implementation of a pain scale in a hospital setting are discussed.

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Section: Pain Evaluation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pain Evaluation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), as well as pawing, flank watching and rolling in relation to colic pain (Mair and Smith ; Graubner et al . ; Sutton et al . ).…”

Section: Pain‐related Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Recognition and quantification of pain in horses: A tutorial review

Gleerup

Lindegaard

2015

Equine Veterinary Education

104

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The structure of the scoring system was similar to the one used previously in other species [25] but the included items were meant to be specific for bovine mastitis and whenever possible evidence-based. The first item was a simple numerical rating scale allowing the observer to attribute a general subjective pain score.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimentally induced subclinical mastitis: are lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid eliciting similar pain responses?

et al. 2017

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BackgroundPain accompanying mastitis has gained attention recently as a relevant welfare compromising aspect of disease. Adequate pain recognition and therapy are necessary in the context of a modern and ethically acceptable dairy care. For research purposes mastitis is often induced by intramammary infusion of immunogenic bacterial cell wall components. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Staphylococcus aureus are commonly administered to this end. While the immune response to specific immunogenic components has been well characterized, not much is known about their role on the expression of pain indicators. The aim of this study was to trial the effects of an intramammary challenge of LTA or LPS on the degree of pain and discomfort as indicated by both physiological and behavioral variables in cows. The hypothesis was that a similar degree of pain can be identified in LTA as well as in LPS induced mastitis.ResultsOn the challenge day, compared to pre-challenge, total pain index increased for all treatment groups (LPS; LTA and control), the LPS group having significantly higher values than the control group (P = 0.01). Similarly, pain visual analogue scale (VAS) increased significantly in all cows following treatment on the challenge day. Furthermore, compared to baseline, higher VAS were found 3, 4 and 5 h after the challenge in cows of the LPS group (P3h, 4h < 0.001 and P5h = 0.001) and 7 h after the challenge in cows of the LTA group (P7h = 0.002). In the control group, VAS was higher 5 h after the challenge (P5h = 0.001). On the challenge day, udder edema was higher in the LPS than in the control group (P = 0.007). Furthermore, 4 h after the challenge, milk cortisol was significantly higher than at baseline in the LPS group (P < 0.001).ConclusionsWhen administered at equipotent doses targeting a standard somatic cell count increase, intramammary LPS seems to be accompanied by a higher degree of pain and discomfort than LTA, as suggested by the modifications of the outcome variables total pain index, VAS, udder edema and milk cortisol.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13028-017-0306-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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