Clinical characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors associated with clinical outcome in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Abstract

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new coronavirus, was originally recognized as a pandemic by the WHO on early, a new coronavirus, was originally recognized as a pandemic by the WHO on early 2020, and has infected over 243 million people worldwide, killing about five million people between then and October 2021. Objectives: We investigated the relationship between clinical characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors and echocardiographic findings and in-hospital outcomes of patients who were admitted for COVID-19. Patients and Methods: A retrospective review of 216 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to Chamran hospital from March 2019 to April 2021 was conducted. Patients’ characteristics cardiovascular risk factors, echocardiographic findings, clinical outcomes (discharge (complete recovery/ partial recovery) and in-hospital mortality) were recorded. To analyze risk factors associated with outcomes in patients with COVID-19, univariate and multivariate ordinal logistic regression models were conducted. Results: The most common underlying diseases in patients were hypertension (HTN) (57.9%) and diabetes mellitus (DM) (37.9%), respectively. Cognitive disorders (20.8%) and mitral regurgitation (MR) were the most complication and echocardiographic finding of the patients. In our study, six variables were found to be associated with patient’s outcomes, including age, body mass index (BMI), DM, chronic pulmonary diseases, number of hospitalization days and number of an intensive care unit (ICU) admission days. Conclusion: Our analysis suggests that age, male gender, BMI, number of hospitalization days and ICU admission, chronic pulmonary disease and diabetes are associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality and worst prognosis in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2.