Clinical Correlates of Elevated Serum Concentrations of Cytokines and Autoantibodies in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury

Davies, Andrew; Hayes, Keith C.; Dekaban, Gregory A.

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.004

Cited by 204 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…One of the most comprehensive studies on cytokine profiles post SCI was conducted by Davies et al 12 Authors documented cytokine profiles after SCI and showed significantly higher levels of TNF-α in SCI patients, similar to our results, but showed no detectable differences in IL-1β. Unlike our study, cytokine measurements were taken only once and patients were in different stages of SCI: 23 patients were in the sub-acute phase of SCI (2-52 weeks) and the remaining 34 had chronic SCI (452 weeks).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Unlike our study, cytokine measurements were taken only once and patients were in different stages of SCI: 23 patients were in the sub-acute phase of SCI (2-52 weeks) and the remaining 34 had chronic SCI (452 weeks). Most measurements were probably taken at a much later time point than in our study, as Davies et al 12 reported TNF-α serum levels, almost 10 times higher than ours, and IL-1β levels were undetectable. This could be explained by the fact that TNF-α increased steadily in our patients, peaking at our last measurement at week 12.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 40%

“…This could be explained by the fact that TNF-α increased steadily in our patients, peaking at our last measurement at week 12. Perhaps levels would have continued to increase, reaching a maximum level weeks or months later similar to that in the study by Davies et al 12 With regard to absolute IL-1β levels, they peaked after 1 week and decreased steadily thereafter, which could explain undetectable measurements in the study by Davies et al 12 (if IL-1β measurements were taken months after injury).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…The TNF-α levels were significantly elevated following an initial decrease in concentration in the first 12 h after injury. Although studies have shown increased IL-1β and TNF-α after SCI, 11,12 this was the first study to have taken repeated measurements over time to generate a temporal cytokine profile for IL-1β and TNF-α in humans. Because of the not especially large patient collective (n = 23), there were associated differences in absolute values with a high and variable s.d.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A pilot study on temporal changes in IL-1β and TNF-α serum levels after spinal cord injury: the serum level of TNF-α in acute SCI patients as a possible marker for neurological remission

Biglari¹,

Swing

Child

et al. 2015

Spinal Cord

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Study design: Serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured over a 12-week period in 23 patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) with and without neurological improvement. Objectives: To determine the course of IL-1β and TNF-α in patients with SCI and observe a possible relationship between improvements in neurological functioning and cytokine levels. Setting: All patients were treated at the BG Trauma Centre, Ludwigshafen, Germany. All lab work was done at the University Hospital, Heidelberg. Methods: Spinal cord injury was classified according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale (AIS) in 23 patients. TNF-α and IL-1β levels were measured upon arrival at the hospital, after 4 h, 9 h and 12 h, on days 1 and 3 and at the end of weeks 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12. Results: Temporal changes in TNF-α and IL-1β in SCI patients were seen. Patients with AIS improvement (Group 1) had significantly lower TNF-α levels at 9 h compared with patients without AIS improvement (Group 2; Po0.01). The course of IL-1β fluctuated greatly between 4 h and week 1 in the groups; however, between 2 and 12 weeks post trauma, there was an overall decline in both groups. Conclusion: Measuring serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β over time could be useful in tracking the course of SCI. Our data show differences in measured cytokines over a 12-week period for SCI patients with and without neurological improvement.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 40%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A pilot study on temporal changes in IL-1β and TNF-α serum levels after spinal cord injury: the serum level of TNF-α in acute SCI patients as a possible marker for neurological remission

Biglari¹,

Swing

Child

et al. 2015

Spinal Cord

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“…52,53 Previously, it has been reported that cytokines induce the systemic overproduction of autoantibody. 54,55 In this context, the production of PGI 2 receptor-specific antibody might be called possibly, in part, an 'auto-immune' condition proved by injury to the spinal cord or related to secondary inflammatory conditions, such as, chronic pressure ulcers and/ or low grade infections of the bladder or respiratory tract.…”

Section: Similarity Of the Insulin And Pgi 2 Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-conventional hemostatic risk factors for coronary heart disease in individuals with spinal cord injury

et al. 2011

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Study design: Review. Objectives: In subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI), there is strong evidence for platelet hyperactivity, which may stimulate atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD). The literature was reviewed. Background: Individuals with SCI develop premature CHD. In addition to the conventional risk factors associated with CHD, there are pathologic hematological factors involved in atherogenesis that are similar to those that have been demonstrated in individuals with diabetes, and these hematological factors might affect individuals with SCI. One such hematological factor, platelet aggregation, is essential for the development of CHD, which results from thrombus formation in the coronary vasculature. Prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and is thought to have a beneficial role in inhibiting atherogenesis; therefore, it is possible that individuals with SCI have impaired PGI 2 receptor function. Methods: We reviewed the literature by conducting a search using PubMed (1970PubMed ( -2007. Results: Acute thrombosis is emerging as an important factor in the etiology of CHD and therefore could mediate the risk of CHD in persons with SCI, in addition to previously known risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and hyperinsulinemia. Because PGI 2 may retard atherogenesis through its inhibitory effects on platelet function, we discuss the effects of PGI 2 on platelets in persons with SCI in this review. Conclusions Subjects with chronic SCI develop abnormal platelet function, resulting in the production of atherogenic and thrombogenic factors for the following reasons: (1) the PGI 2 and insulin receptors on their platelets are impaired; (2) thrombin generation and platelet-derived growth factor release are elevated; (3) insulin-induced nitric oxide production by platelets is markedly impaired; and (4) a circulating antibody (immunoglobulin G (IgG)) blocks the antithrombotic effect of both insulin and PGI 2 receptors. Thus, this IgG molecule is thought to be one of the pathological mediators of the increased incidence of CHD in individuals with SCI.

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Platelet‐rich plasma and cytokines in neuropathic pain: A narrative review and a clinical perspective

Bohren

Timbolschi

Müller

et al. 2021

European Journal of Pain

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Background and Objective Neuropathic pain arises as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system. A number of preclinical studies have provided evidence for the involvement of cytokines, predominantly secreted by a variety of immune cells and by glial cells from the nervous system, in neuropathic pain conditions. Clinical trials and the use of anti‐cytokine drugs in different neuropathic aetiologies support the relevance of cytokines as treatment targets. However, the use of such drugs, in particularly biotherapies, can provoke notable adverse effects. Moreover, it is challenging to select one given cytokine as a target, among the various neuropathic pain conditions. It could thus be of interest to target other proteins, such as growth factors, in order to act more widely on the neuroinflammation network. Thus, platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), an autologous blood concentrate, is known to contain a natural concentration of growth factors and immune system messengers and is widely used in the clinical setting for tissue regeneration and repair. Database and Data Treatment In the present review, we critically assess the current knowledge on cytokines in neuropathic pain by taking into consideration both human studies and animal models. Results This analysis of the literature highlights the pathophysiological importance of cytokines. We particularly highlight the concept of time‐ and tissue‐dependent cytokine activation during neuropathic pain conditions. Conclusion Thus, direct or indirect cytokines modulation with biotherapies or growth factors appears relevant. In addition, we discuss the therapeutic potential of localized injection of PRP as neuropathic pain treatment by pointing out the possible link between cytokines and the action of PRP. Significance Preclinical and clinical studies highlight the idea of a cytokine imbalance in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Clinical trials with anticytokine drugs are encouraging but are limited by a 'cytokine candidate approach' and adverse effect of biotherapies. PRP, containing various growth factors, is a new therapeutic used in regenerative medicine. Growth factors can be also considered as modulators of cytokine balance. Here, we emphasize a potential therapeutic effect of PRP on cytokine imbalance in neuropathic pain. We also underline the clinical interest of the use of PRP, not only for its therapeutic effect but also for its safety of use.

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Clinical Correlates of Elevated Serum Concentrations of Cytokines and Autoantibodies in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury

Cited by 204 publications

References 68 publications

A pilot study on temporal changes in IL-1β and TNF-α serum levels after spinal cord injury: the serum level of TNF-α in acute SCI patients as a possible marker for neurological remission

A pilot study on temporal changes in IL-1β and TNF-α serum levels after spinal cord injury: the serum level of TNF-α in acute SCI patients as a possible marker for neurological remission

Non-conventional hemostatic risk factors for coronary heart disease in individuals with spinal cord injury

Platelet‐rich plasma and cytokines in neuropathic pain: A narrative review and a clinical perspective

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