Clinical evaluation and microbiota analysis in 9 dogs with antibiotic‐responsive enteropathy: A prospective comparison study

Abstract

Background: Antibiotic-responsive enteropathy (ARE) is diagnosed by excluding other causes of diarrhea and when there is a short-term response to administration of antibiotics.Objectives: To characterize the gut microbiota and clinical trend of dogs with suspected ARE and to evaluate the variation in microbiota before (T0), after 30 days (T30) of tylosin treatment, and 30 days after discontinuation of treatment (T60). A further objective was to evaluate whether changes in gut microbiota are related to relapses of diarrhea when the therapy is tapered.Animals: Study sample (group A) was composed of 15 dogs with chronic diarrhea, group B was composed of 15 healthy dogs. Group A was given tylosin for 30 days.Methods: A multicentric prospective study. Clinical Indexes, fecal score, and samples for microbiota analysis were collected at T0, T30, and T60 in group A and T0 and T30 in group B. The gut microbiota was analyzed via 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Qiime2 version 2020.2 was used to perform bioinformatic analyses, and Alpha-and Beta-diversity were computed.Results: Diarrhea recurred after T30 in 9 of 14 dogs, which were classified as affected by ARE. At T0, a difference was noted in the beta-diversity between groups (Bray Curtis metric P = .006). A T0-T30 difference in alpha-diversity was noted in group A (Shannon index P = .001, Faith PD P = .007).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Although tylosin influences the microbiota of dogs with ARE, we failed to find any specific characteristic in the microbiota of dogs with ARE.

Machine Learning and Canine Chronic Enteropathies: A New Approach to Investigate FMT Effects

“…Regarding microbiota analysis, alpha-diversity was significantly higher in healthy samples than in pre-FMT samples, according to all of the applied diversity indices (richness, Shannon, Pielou, Faith's phylogenetic diversity). These results had also been observed in previous experimental investigations [6,23,[40][41][42][43], even though other studies did not find significant differences in alpha diversity between healthy controls and dogs with ARE [44], SRE [45], IBD [46], and CE [47].…”

“…To date, however, there is limited evidence of efficacy and safety regarding the administration of FMT in dogs, mainly in the form of case reports or case series [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The routes of administration most used by the various authors are rectal enema [14,15,18,19] and endoscopy [11,12,16,17].…”

“…To date, however, there is limited evidence of efficacy and safety regarding the administration of FMT in dogs, mainly in the form of case reports or case series [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The routes of administration most used by the various authors are rectal enema [14,15,18,19] and endoscopy [11,12,16,17]. Only one case report described the effectiveness of FMT carried out by using capsules containing freeze-dried fecal material [21], although this appears to be the easiest route of administration from a practical standpoint.…”

Effect of the Administration of a Lyophilised Faecal Capsules on the Intestinal Microbiome of Dogs: A Pilot Study

“…Moreover, with the absence of antimicrobial usage within the last 3, 6, or 12 months, up-to-date vaccinations and empirical deworming with broad-spectrum drugs are further prerequisites. Laboratory screenings demand normal haematology and biochemistry, negative faecal flotation results, and negative results for pathogens such as Giardia and diseases like parvovirus and distemper [ 2 , 14 , 15 ]. In this case, considering that it involved a commercial product, no information was obtained regarding the faecal donor of the capsules utilised during the study.…”

Braunes Gold – Kottransplantation als Therapieoption beim Hund

“…Ziel der Therapie sollte daher die Wiederherstellung der mikrobiellen Diversität und Normalisierung des Metaboloms sein und nicht die Zerstörung der Mikrobiota mittels Antibiotika. In verschiedenen Studien konnte eine Besserung der klinischen Symptome und der intestinalen Mikrobiota nach Kottransplantation bereits nachgewiesen werden 11 , 18 , 19 . Eine davon umfasste 16 Hunde mit IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease), die auf die traditionellen Behandlungsstrategien nicht ansprachen, wobei 14 Hunde nach Übertragung des Kotes weniger klinische Symptome zeigten 18 .…”