Clinical features, diagnosis, and management of enterovirus 71

Ooi, Mong How; Wong, See Chang; Lewthwaite, Penny; Cardosa, Mary Jane; Solomon, Tom

doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(10)70209-x

Cited by 732 publications

(653 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Currently available rapid multiplex molecular assays to determine the causative agent of infection are costly and generally too time-consuming to have significant usefulness in the acute clinical setting. Even when the viral cause is determined, only supportive and symptomatic treatment are given, as specific therapeutic options are lacking for most respiratory viruses [14][15][16]. We therefore hypothesized that a broad-spectrum inhibitor of the common viral causes of RTIs could be a valuable addition to the acute setting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad-spectrum inhibition of common respiratory RNA viruses by a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor with involvement of the host antiviral response

Cheung

Lai

Dai

et al. 2017

Journal of General Virology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad-spectrum inhibition of common respiratory RNA viruses by a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor with involvement of the host antiviral response

Cheung

Lai

Dai

et al. 2017

Journal of General Virology

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“…A major outbreak of HFMD occurred in Bangalore in 2013, which affected not only several thousand children but also adults in the household (Times of India, 2013). Though EV71, CVA16 and CVA10 have been associated with HFMD in South East Asian countries, causing long-term crippling and neurological disorders, and significant number of deaths among children (Chen and Shih, 2011; Lee et al, 2009;Li et al, 2013;Lin et al, 2003;Ooi et al, 2010;Ortner et al, 2009), there is a dearth of knowledge in India on the nature or genetic diversity of the viruses associated with the disease. For the last few years, encephalitis in UP has claimed several lives of children.…”

Section: Emerging Eneterovirus Infections and The Need For Active Rementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spectrum of diseases associated with enterovirus infections in humans include; acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), aseptic meningitis, acute encephalitis, type-1-diabetes, uveitis, hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), 448 C Durga Rao diarrhoea, brainstem disease, herpangina, exanthema, pleurodynia, cardiomyopathy, coagulopathy, atherosclerotic arterial disease, multi-system hemorrhagic disease, sudden deftness, fatal illness with pulmonary hypertension in neonates, transverse myelitis, aplastic anemia etc. (Pallansch and Roos, 2007;Chen and Shih, 2011;Avellon et al, 2003;De et al, 2011;Lewthwaite et al, 2010;el-Sageyer et al, 1998;Hinkkanen 2003;Lashkevich et al, 2004;Lee et al, 2009;Lin et al, 2003;Moldin 1980;Moldin, 1986;Mostoufizadeh et al, 1983;Ooi et al, 2010;Ortner et al, 2009;Rao et al, 2012;Rao et al, 2013;Reyes et al, 1983;Soloman and Willson 2003;Lukashev et al, 2003;Centres for Disease Control and Prevention 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Polio Enteroviruses, the Neglected and Emerging Human Pathogens:Are we Waiting for the Sizzling Enterovirus Volcano to Erupt?

Rao¹

2015

Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy

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Enteroviruses consist of a large group of pathogenic viruses, poliovirus being the notorious member. For the last several decades, all the attention and resources were directed towards control and eradication of poliomyelitis in India. There is very little research on non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs), the cousins of poliovirus, which are associated with a wide range of diseases, especially in infants and young children. We have established an active research group on NPEVs during the last six years and showed that about 35% of non-polio acute flaccid paralysis (NP-AFP) children were positive for NPEV infections, and detected 66 serotypes in NP-AFP children, EV71 being more frequently detected followed by Echovirus 13 and CVB5. Long-term comparative epidemiological studies on NPEVs and rotavirus in acute diarrhoea revealed for the first time, that, NPEV association is as significant as that of rotavirus. A surprising observation was the contrasting seasonal prevalence between enterovus-and rotavirus-associated diarrhoea, the former predominating in non-winter months and the latter occurring primarily in the winter season. NPEVs were associated with epidemics-like outbreaks during which they were detected in up to 50% children with acute diarrhoea. In recent years, enterovirus has been identified to be associated with acute encephalitis cases in Uttar Pradesh. HFMD outbreaks have been reported in recent years, including a major outbreak in Bangalore in 2013. Since, no studies exist in India on the biology of EVs, including HFMD, we have recently initiated work on this emerging disease. Our studies uncover an urgent need for detailed studies on these "so far" neglected and emerging viruses for effective child health management in the country.

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“…2 China's Ministry of Health reported 7 237 297 cases of HFMD since 2008, of which 2462 were fatal. HFMD has also been reported in Australia, the Asia Pacific region and various European countries since its first appearance.…”

Section: M M U N O L O G Y O R I G I N a L A R T I C L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Dominant CD4‐dependent RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase‐specific T‐cell responses in children acutely infected with human enterovirus 71 and healthy adult controls

Dang

Gao

et al. 2014

Immunology

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SummaryHuman enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the major causes of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), which leads to significant mortality in infected children. A prophylactic vaccine is urgently needed. However, little is known about the protective T-cell immunity in individuals infected with the EV71 virus. In this study, we performed a comprehensive ex vivo interferon-c ELISPOT analysis in 31 children infected with EV71 as well as in 40 healthy adult controls of the CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell responses to overlapping peptides spanning the VP1 structural protein and RNAdependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) non-structural protein. EV71-specific CD4 T-cell responses were detected in most of the acute patients and were mostly CD4-dependent RdRp-specific responses. CD8-dependent VP1 and RdRp-specific responses were also detected in a small proportion of recently infected children. There was no significant association between the strength of the T-cell responses and disease severity observed during the acute EV71 infection phase. Interestingly, an RdRp-specific, but no VP1-specific, CD4-dependent T-cell response was detected in 30% of the adult controls, and no T-cell responses were detected in healthy children. In addition, 24 individual peptides containing potential T-cell epitope regions were identified. The data suggest that CD4-dependent RdRp-specific T-cell responses may play an important role in protective immunity, and the epitopes identified in this study should provide valuable information for future therapeutic and prophylactic vaccine design as well as basic research.

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Clinical features, diagnosis, and management of enterovirus 71

Cited by 732 publications

References 77 publications

Broad-spectrum inhibition of common respiratory RNA viruses by a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor with involvement of the host antiviral response

Broad-spectrum inhibition of common respiratory RNA viruses by a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor with involvement of the host antiviral response

Non-Polio Enteroviruses, the Neglected and Emerging Human Pathogens:Are we Waiting for the Sizzling Enterovirus Volcano to Erupt?

Dominant CD4‐dependent RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase‐specific T‐cell responses in children acutely infected with human enterovirus 71 and healthy adult controls

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