Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adrenal Incidentaloma

Abstract

An adrenal incidentaloma is an adrenal mass found in an imaging study performed for other reasons unrelated to adrenal disease and often accompanied by obesity, diabetes, or hypertension. The prevalence and incidence of adrenal incidentaloma increase with age and are also expected to rise due to the rapid development of imaging technology and frequent imaging studies. The Korean Endocrine Society is promoting an appropriate practice guideline to meet the rising incidence of adrenal incidentaloma, in cooperation with the Korean Adrenal Gland and Endocrine Hypertension Study Group. In this paper, we discuss important core issues in managing the patients with adrenal incidentaloma. After evaluating core proposition, we propose the most critical 20 recommendations from the initially organized 47 recommendations by Delphi technique.

A nationwide survey of adrenal incidentalomas in Japan: the first report of clinical and epidemiological features

“…Under these circumstances, some consensual diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines have been established. A consensus meeting for AIs was held at the National Institutes of Health in 2002 [10], and the guidelines of the European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) collaborated with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENSAT) [3], the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) collaborated with the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons (AAES) [12], Korean Endocrine Society [13], and some reviews discussing this issue have been reported [14], and it has been becoming clear how to manage AIs. We therefore performed a nationwide multicenter study as a project of the Research Committee on Disorders of Adrenal Hormones, proposed on behalf of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, from 1999 to 2004.…”

Justification of a combined study of the parathyroid and adrenal glands in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

“…КТ без контрастного підсилення (нативна фаза)обов'язковий етап діагностичного пошуку при патології як ПЩЗ, так і НЗ. Залежно від розмірів, структурних особливостей та щільності утворення НЗ у нативній фазі сканування лікар-радіолог приймає рішення щодо проведення дослідження з контрастним підсиленням [14,15].…”

Two cases of pheochromocytoma in pregnancy: a multidisciplinary challenge

“…Pheochromocytomas are rare, mostly benign tumours arising from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla or many extra-adrenal locations (where they are called paragangliomas). They constitute 7% (1.5-14%) of all adrenal incidentalomas [1] and are extremely rare in pregnant women, with a prevalence of 1 in 54,000 pregnancies [2]. The diagnosis is a demanding challenge because the clinical picture ranges from asymptomatic cases to life-threatening hypertensive crises.…”