People lose their teeth because of various causes. After the tooth loss, alveolar ridge resorption occurs, and then implantation becomes a challenge for the oral surgeon. On purpose to create sufficient properties for implantation, various procedures are being performed with teeth extraction in order to protect the bone, if the tooth was lost earlier -bone augmentation procedures may be performed to recreate the bone volume. Materials that are used for bone augmentation according to the origin may be classified as follows: autogenous, xenogenous, allogenous and alloplastic or synthetic. This article purpose is to review the bone substitute materials that are the most used nowadays.