Aim of the study is To investigate the effect of lentinan on proliferation and apoptosis of human astrocytoma U251 cells. Lentinan was dissolved in DMEM complete medium to form different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 500, 600 μg/ml). CCK8 was used to detect the effect of lentinan with different concentrations on proliferation of human astrocytoma U251 cells, and the expression of Ki-67 was detected by immunofluorescence. In addition, the effect of different concentrations of lentinan on apoptosis of human astrocytoma U251 cells was detected by flow cytometry. Compared with the blank control group, 50 and 100 μg/ml lentinan significantly promoted proliferation of human astrocytoma U251 cells. When the concentration is more than 100 μg/ml, the cell activity gradually decreases, and the cell activity is the lowest when the concentration is 600 μg/ml. In addition, the low concentration lentinan (25, 50, and 100 μg/ml) had no significant effect on apoptosis of human astrocytoma U251 cells. However, lentinan above 200 μg/ml significantly promoted apoptosis of human astrocytoma U251 cells and had a concentration gradient effect, and the highest apoptosis rate was at 600 μg/ml. Conclusion: Lentinan can effectively inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of human astrocytoma U251 cells.